Revelation 6

 Good morning again! Yesterday was quite grey and snowy in the morning so I was able to stay in and get some work done. But afternoon was nice and sunny- and out for a walk with Finn!

I like all the discussion of the last chapter. Revelation is hard and there are so many symbols and inferences that we make. It is best read straight through, which I will definitely do a few times after we are done!

Sherri is off today, so once we get some of our work done, it is Christmas shopping day! Yahoo.

Chapter 6 deals with the seals that were on the scroll. It is commonly thought that the scroll details the culmination of history and that the things that the scrolls reveal must happen before the end of the world. The idea is that this chapter tells what must happen before the end begins! And it is strange!

The Lamb (Jesus) has the scroll and is the only one worthy to open the seals. Each seal has a living creature that announces its opening; we have no idea who or what these creatures are or even what they look like. After each of the first four seals are broken, a horseman comes riding out- each with a different color and different "event" that must happen. Seals five and six are about the martyrs and the cosmic destruction that will happen. The seventh seal is opened in chapter 8.

First seal- white horse; one would assume Jesus since white equals good, however this is a Satan-like being who imitates Christ. As we read more, we will see that this is clearly not Jesus as the results are not Jesus-like! This ruler will come to conquer (not a Jesus word!). A "leader" that will draw people away from God and have control over them!

Second seal- red horse; Interesting that the rider didn't cause war but took peace! Peace is a God given gift to this world. Human nature is aggression and power over another; peace is a non-natural state for us; if peace is taken, we would revert to our "animal" lives. Think of the millions of lives that have been lost to war in the last 100 years or so!

Third seal- black horse; The scale symbolizes the need to ration food as it will likely be in short supply. The prices called out by the voice are about 12 times the "normal" price of the wheat and barley (inflation!). During this famine, life will be reduced to is most basic provisions. However, the wealthy will still have their oil and wine. Think of the economic disparity in today's world. 

Fourth seal- pale horse; The rider's name is Death. This can't be good! It is symbolic of the world-wide death that will happen from the first three "riders": dictatorship, war, famine.

It is interesting in all these that the word "given" is in each section. God gives these horsemen their control; God is still in control as God gives the powers. 

Fifth seal- the blood of the martyrs; All those that had been martyred are under the altar. Symbolic that their life was a sacrificial offering to God- their death was not in vain and was acceptable and good for God. These lost souls cried out for vengeance!

Sixth seal- cosmic destruction. Many times in the scriptures, the coming of the Messiah is accompanied by huge and catastrophic natural events. Everyone from the greatest to the least hid in fear of the judgement of God.

We can get into a big discussion- are these happening now? Will they happen soon? Later we will read about the trumpets and the bowls (each with some quite dramatic events)- do they happen sequentially or in combination with each other? Remember, I said before, the more we read into these things the more is lost in seeing and hearing the words!

Have a great day.

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

Revelation 5

 Good morning and welcome back. I hope you all had a great Thanksgiving and were able to be with family. I so much enjoyed spending time with the kids. It was nice to be together and just have fun! One of the first things Joseph asked for after we got there was coffee! This past summer when they were with us, our morning routine was coffee on the back deck. Mine was hot and black and strong; his was warmed milk with cinnamon and vanilla! I love our little tradition!

Just had to show off the kid!

Now back to Revelation! Thanks for all the commentary and discussion! It is great to see the interaction and thoughts that we all have. It is interesting to read peoples' thoughts and see things from a different perspective!

Remember, we left John at the throne with God. Jack had an interesting question- is God always on the throne? Thoughts??

The focus of chapter 4 was the throne; in this chapter it is the scroll held by God. The first "unusual" point is that the scroll is written on both sides; typically scrolls were only written on the "inside". Ancient scrolls were read horizontally (not vertically) and they were written in columns about 3 inches wide. Typically, scrolls were held in the left hand and unrolled with the right. A scroll for Revelation would be approximately 15 feet long! After a scroll was written, it was tied closed with string and then the knot of the string was sealed with wax; this scroll had seven strings and seven seals (seven churches). We don't know what is written, but whatever is written on this scroll- only Jesus is worthy enough to read it. There are lots of ideas as to what might be written on the scroll: God's "divorce" papers from Israel; the "deed" to the earth for humans; the text of Revelation; God's "sentence" against the enemies of the church. Will we ever know?

John weeps. Does he weep from joy? From sadness? From fear?

An elder (remember there were several near the throne) comes and calms John down. The Lion of the Tribe of Judah (Genesis, Isaiah, Hosea) and the Root of David (Isiah) are references to Jesus. The elder is the one to announce that Jesus is worthy to open the seals. John turns, expecting to see a lion, and instead he sees a Lamb! It is alive and standing, yet has the marks of sacrifice (slit throat). Does this seem like a symbol of power? Now things begin to get strange! The lamb has seven horns and seven eyes. The seven horns representing omnipotence (unlimited power) and the seven eyes representing omniscience (all seeing and all knowing). Remember- seven is a "perfect" number. The Lamb reaches up and takes the scroll from God. The only One worthy enough to do that. 

"Lamb of God" (NM Rosario, Deviant Art)

Immediately, worship and praise. All the creatures gathered bow down in worship with harps (how many times have we seen images of angles with harps- this is where it comes from!). The incense is burned as a pleasing odor and intimately tied with prayer and spirituality (Psalm 141:2). Incense burning is traditional in the Catholic church; I have been burning incense for several months at Little Meadows; several people have noticed it!

The song the elders sing emphasizes God's acts of redemption and forgiveness. The angels then join in. Thousands and thousands of voices joined together in singing! There is power in that. One of the great joys I have had in my ministry is processing in to the ordination service at conference with all the clergy. We are all robed in our vestments and we all sing in unison (usually "O For a Thousand Tongues"); it is such a God moment to hear all the voices combined! I can't imagine what John experienced here! Every creature- EVERY creature- worshipped God and the Lamb. 

What a powerful worship experience John had!

This was a great chapter and I hope you all like it! In the next chapter, the seals are broken and the words are "read". It isn't so nice and pretty! Be ready!

Have a great rest of the day!

Shalom+

Pastor Paul

Revelation 4

 Good morning! What a beautiful sunny day we had yesterday after the snow stopped! Today is going to be a great day! We are leaving for Lauren's soon and will be there until Saturday afternoon. I am so looking forward to seeing the kid!

This chapter today is a transitional chapter. The words "after this" are used a few times. John had just read or Jesus just said out loud the letters to the seven churches. Chapters 4 through 19 are concerned primarily with God's judgement prior to Christ's coming and Jesus' earthly reign. Lots of symbols- some of which are just words, some of which are real symbols of something. Remember, the symbol is always less than the reality it points to. 

John enters heaven at the invitation of Jesus (the first voice). John will be shown things that will happen in the future. John says he was taken "in the spirit". Where was his body? The first thing John saw was the throne. Out of all the things around- the throne was most notable for him. Someone was sitting in the throne. We don't know. My text says "one" was seated...rather than "One" was seated. Was it God? There is no physical description, and my text keeps using the (lower case "o") one as opposed to the (upper case O) One. Jasper is a diamond type shine and gleam; carnelian (some texts say sardius) is red. Diamond = purity and holiness; red = blood. The throne is wrapped in an emerald rainbow (remember the Noahic covenant?!).

I just happen to have a real photo of the throne...

Around the main throne were 24 other thrones, each with an elder (24 = 12 tribes of Israel + 12 disciples of Christ); the 24 means the entire world is represented. The elders are dressed in glory, just as God and Jesus are. The lightening, thunder, and fire are all symbols of God used in the Bible; the idea is that God is in control of this area. The sea of glass (was it glass or was it just really still water?) is symbolic of the laver at the Tabernacle used for ceremonial washing and cleanliness before entering the temple.

Around God's throne are the cherubim (also prominent in the Tabernacle); all the eyes represent the omniscient view God has; the four beasts could also represent the four gospel authors. Man is often Matthew; Lion is Mark; Ox is Luke; Eagle is John. Facing different direction means they encompass the globe. They constantly say "Holy Holy Holy"- a threefold reputation is superlative and emphasizing God's holiness. 

The elders worship at the "command" of the cherubim; since the cherubim are worshipping daily, so are the elders. God is worthy of our daily and constant praise and worship! The elders comment on God's creative nature and as such, God is in control of all things. Since the 24 elders represent the entire world, all Christians, we are also included in the daily constant worship and praise of God!

This is a relatively easy chapter, once the symbols are explained. Can you imagine being John and witnessing this?! There are times when I have been in some sanctuaries and just felt awe and power (sometimes even at Little Meadows!) but I am sure that has no comparison to the way John is feeling right now!

Have a great read! Go to google images and take some time looking at the various interpretations of this throne. 

We are going to Lauren's this morning and will return Saturday afternoon. I have decided (probably not the best decision) to take the next two days off. So, I will not be posting Thursday or Friday this week. Sorry. I am trying to get a real break from work. I am not even taking any theology books with me to read! Have a great Thanksgiving and I will be back Monday!!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

Revelation 3

 Good morning, all. Hope you had a good day yesterday. It was cool but the sun did shine some...didn't it??

Today we read Jesus' letters to three more churches. As a side note, there were more than 7 churches in the world, but these were selected to be recipients of letters. They were some of the bigger cities in the Roman empire, so they represented "all" of the empire; the issues that they struggled with were examples of issues that all churches were suffering from- so the line at the end of each letter, "All who have ears, listen..." is saying- all churches read and understand what I am saying!

Sardis was a city beginning to decline. It was at very wealthy city at the crossroads of several major highways and trade routes (think Binghamton!); there was money, money, money. And with all that money comes luxury and softness and immorality! They were devoted to God, but began to move away and worship other gods. The city was beginning to get "a reputation" and Jesus calls them out on that ("you have a name of being alive..."). They are dead. No struggle; no fight left; no will to change; given up. But Jesus sees embers of goodness that need to be fostered ("strengthen what remains"). They are not living up to God's standards, but they do have some goodness. Go back to the way you were- full of life and passion when you first heard the Gospel. Many people are like that- full of energy and drive, but they tire out after a few years and begin to turn back to their old ways. There are still some good people left in the city ("not soiled their clothes") and they are the ones that Jesus will save- but they all have the opportunity to turn back to God. If they turn back to God. they will be saved. 

Philadelphia ("brotherly love") is the youngest cities in this list and was founded as a missionary outpost for Hellenism; the goal of this city was to spread the Greek culture to the world. The city had some huge, beautiful buildings and some of the best roadway systems in the world. There was money. The people in the city had an "open door" (symbolic of evangelism, going out to the world) and they were a strong people devoted to God. The Christians were being persecuted harshly by some Jews (but you can't be a good Jew and persecute others- thus the reference to Satan); as I said yesterday, you can't be a good Christian or Jew and hate others. Jesus would make those evil Jews know that they are wrong and the good Christians will be vindicated. The Christians will be saved from the great tribulation that is coming. Jesus says here that He is coming quickly and that these Christians in Philadelphia must prepare for the second coming. The crown is a reference to the crown an athlete would win at the end of a competition; they had won the contest and this was their reward- the crown being eternal life. They would become pillars (strength, support, beauty) for the church and God.

The final church is Laodicea, a city with a significant Jewish population. The city had a medical college, was the center of trade, had financial wealth, had a booming textile industry, and even exported an eye salve! The reference to their works being "neither cold nor hot" is interesting. Obviously, it means they are "lukewarm" in their mission and ministry. The unusual choice of words references the city's water supply. The city was fed by an aqueduct that came from a hot spring six miles away. By the time the water got to the city it was lukewarm- and you know how you like drinking lukewarm water! Jesus even says that they will be spit out of His mouth (kind of like how we might treat lukewarm water if we expecting a cold drink!). I think we know of churches that have become "lukewarm". The church at Laodicea looked at their current situation- they had money, they had things, they had a "good" life yet they lacked a spiritual life. Jesus wants them to "buy" from Him refined gold and white robes- that is, become spiritually alive and open to God, have a turn in their thinking and come back to God. Turn away from what they have and turn back to God- that is the request from Jesus to this city (and to many people today!). Jesus is sadly standing outside the door, knocking, waiting to be invited in- the city isn't in the inviting mood though! To those that invite Jesus- salvation is available!

There has been lots written about these seven churches; Paul also wrote to seven churches. Seven is a "complete" number, a perfect number, so in essence, Jesus and Paul are writing to the entire church body (completeness). Some look at these churches as examples of what the world was going through at the time (and is today); we know of lukewarm churches, lax churches, dead churches, backsliding churches, licentious churches, and Jesus is writing to all of them offering hope. The key words, I think, are at the end of each letter, "anyone who has ears, listen". We are to read and hear what Jesus has to say to each of these churches and see where our church is. What can we learn from these letters? Where can we improve who we are?

Snowing like crazy up here on the hill! Have a good day!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

Revelation 2

 Good morning, all. Sorry I missed Friday...the day got busy and before I knew it, Monday morning was here! Welcome back for the week. I hope you all had a good weekend and enjoyed the few breaks of sun that we had! 

Chapters 2 and 3 are Jesus' "letters" to the seven churches. They are all similar in structure and essentially say what is wrong with the church, Jesus' verdict, a command, and then a promise of reward. They all begin with "To the angel of the church at ____" with the angel likely being symbolic of the pastor (church leader) of the church. In each letter, Jesus introduces himself in a slightly different fashion- all having to do with the words He mentioned in chapter 1; see if you can notice these descriptions. Maybe we can see us or our church in these letters?

Ephesus, the first church mentioned, was where Paul was for three years; remember Aquilla and Priscilla? And Apollos? And Timothy? They were all active in this church. Ephesus was a cultural, economic, and financial center of the world and had a huge temple to Diana, the goddess of fertility that was worshipped with lots of sexuality- in the temple! Jesus knows this (v 2)! Jesus acknowledges what is going right, but is sure to call out what is wrong also. The "good" in the church continues to be good and do good and they do it without getting tired or wearied. However, (v 4) they did abandon their first love (the church). Everything looked good from the outside, but the inner workings of the church were in turmoil. Jesus wants them to remember from where they came (v 5), remember their love for God, remember their love for people; repent (that's an order!) and change direction and go back to the basics. Sometimes, churches get too caught up in "stuff" that they need a hard reset; sometimes churches get so distracted that they forget what their mission is; they get too involved in themselves that they forget the outside world and need to start over. That is what Jesus is asking the church in Ephesus. If they don't do this, Jesus will come and remove their lampstand- the light that shines on them (Jesus' presence) and that shines from them! Some hard words! Jesus then mentions the Nicolaitans. From Irenaeus (a 2nd C writer): these people were followers of Nicolas (one of the first ordained deacons) and lived their lives with "unrestrained indulgences". Jesus isn't a fan and neither are the Ephesians! If they repent and correct their ways, Jesus promises a return to Eaden and the tree of life (i.e., eternal life)!

Smyrna was a large and beautiful city and was the center of education, knowledge, and trade. It was at the end of a road that led to the Hermus river, so all goods that travelled through that river had to go through Smyrna. It was also a city deeply involved in pagan idol worship and worship of the Roman emperor. Like Ephesus, Jesus knows the good they did but also knows the hardships and struggles they face. Even though the city was wealthy, the Christians were in deep poverty- many were robbed of their belongings and were often fired from their jobs (a form of persecution); many Jews were hostile toward the Christians ("slander") so they weren't really Jews (in a similar aspect, how can you be a Christian and hate others?). Jesus warns of upcoming imprisonments for "ten days" (probably not literally ten days, but symbolic of a short period of time. They will be tested and the persecutions will continue, but if they remain faithful, Jesus will provide the "crown of life". Jesus doesn't rebuke the church, Jesus doesn't tell them to correct their ways, Jesus promises life! The original word for crown in this context was "stephanos" and was the crown of laurel that winners of athletic competitions would get (remember 2 Timothy 4:8- the crown of righteousness?). The "second death" is a reference to the fiery furnace of hell!

Pergamum was a capitol city of Rome. It was characterized by great libraries (having over 200,000 volumes!); it was a city of culture and wealth and a religious epicenter with temples to many of the great Roman gods and goddesses; there was even a temple for the emperor! Asclepios was the god of healing and knowledge and was symbolized by a serpent; there was a medical school in the temple to this god! Jesus mentions "Satan's throne" probably because of all the idol and god/goddess worship. Despite the fact that these people live with all these outside influences, they still hold tight to Jesus. Antipas, only mentioned here, was martyred for Christ- and Jesus knows that! Even with all the good they are doing, Jesus does have some things to discuss with them! Some of the Christians are like Balak (a reference to Numbers 22- 24); Balak was a corrupt teacher and the reference is likely to the leaders that are somewhat corrupt and immoral in their teachings. Some of the people are followers of the Nicolaitans (see last paragraph!). Repent. Simply said by Jesus. Repent or I (Jesus) will come and judge harshly. That's a string warning!! If the church repents, they will receive "hidden manna" (true bread from heaven- remember the Exodus story?) and a white stone. White stones were often used as invitations to weddings, large parties, festivals; they were also a sign of being counted in a census or being acquitted in a court of law. Whichever Jesus meant- it is a sign of goodness and blessings! On the stone will be a "new name"- symbolic of a new life (remember all the name changes that happen when something significant happens in the life of a person?).

The last church in this chapter is Thyatira. The smallest and probably least significant of the seven churches listed. There were many active trade guilds and merchants. Lydia (Acts 16) was a "seller of purple cloth" and lived in this city. As with the other churches, Jesus acknowledges their good parts and what is happening right. They are growing in faith, love, and patience (last works are greater than your first means you are getting better). But! Jezebel- likely not her real name, more like a "title" for someone (as if you called someone a "Hitler" or a "Judas"- there are negative connotations that go along with those names). This Jezebel was practicing sexual immorality; she was an ungodly influence. And she was corrupting people of the church ("my servants"). She had an option to stop and repent, but turned that down. Jesus says what He will do- throw her onto a sickbed and anyone that has immoral sex with her will be judged harshly! They will have an option to repent, but judgement is there! Judgment results in death! Even with the negative influences of Jezebel, if Christians overcome that, they will be rewarded with "power over all the nations"- they would reign with Jesus and be rewarded with an audience with Himself ("the Morning Star"). 

In all of these letters (and in the ones to come), the ending words are "let anyone who has an ear listen..." These words, although directed at a particular church, are words that all people should listen to and pay attention to. The letters apply to everyone!

Great reading today and I can relate to lots of what Jesus says in these letters! We will cover the klast three churches tomorrow.

Have a great day!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

Revelation 1

 Good morning! And what a beautiful day is it beginning to be! Sun and warm breeze...definitely an outside day!!

Today we begin our last book...Revelation! This will be a challenge as there are lots of symbols and metaphors. It is an interesting book with some really cool visions! This book is filled with angels, wild creatures, colors, music, almost anything your mind can imagine! Many theologians say to interpret Revelation is to misinterpret it. Revelation is a book that is best to be experienced rather than explained! Keep that in mind as I/we comment! Revelation looses some of its "power" when we attempt to explain it!

The author identifies himself as a Christian named "John" who was on the island of Patmos. Likely this person was in prison (Patmos was known for its many prisons) for teaching/preaching about Jesus. It is often credited to John the apostle, but there is much controversy about that! The author seems to be rich in Hebrew history and is familiar with the imagery connected to Jesus and the "new" testament. Approximately 70% of the verses in the book reference Hebrew scriptures! The original text was written in Greek but with the style of someone fluent in Aramaic or Hebrew. The author was likely a Jewish Christian who immigrated to Asia Minor (likely from Palestine) during or just after the Jewish war with Rome. Common thought is that the book was written late in the reign of Domitian (81-96AD). 

Revelation is the only book of the New Testament that John Calvin did not write a commentary on and Martin Luther is reported to have said, "My spirit cannot accommodate itself to this book." Many poets, artists, and musicians have used the imagery of Revelation for their works. It is a fantastic book filled with questions! Let's see how we do!!

The information in the book was delivered to John from an angel and it is information from Jesus as to what will be happening soon (although we are still "waiting" 2000 years later). God gave this information to John so that he/we would know what is to come (vv 1-2_+), 

And we are "blessed" that we are reading this and hearing the words that are written for us (v 3)! Fortunately, John didn't say we need to understand everything to be blessed- we just need to read and hear the words! Many people avoid Revelation and so miss that blessing!

The letter is addressed to the seven churches in Asia (Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardia, Philadelphia, and Laodicea); this area is current western Turkey.

John brings greetings from an eternal (is, was and is to come) God, the Holy Spirit (seven Spirits) and from Jesus Christ. The number seven (Spirits) comes from Isaiah 11:2 and describes seven aspects of the Holy Spirit; seven is considered a perfect number and is used often to denote perfection. Re: Jesus- firstborn of the dead- i.e. He was the first to be resurrected. John then continues praise for Jesus and what Jesus has done for us- loves us and freed us. Some translations say "loved" rather than "loves" with commentaries saying that the past-tense points to the cross. John ends this brief section with "Amen" which literally means Yes! An affirmation of what Jesus has done for us.

John moves from praising Jesus to describing Jesus' return. Look!! He is coming!! Clouds are often associated with the presence of God, so Jesus is coming in the presence of God! It will not be a secret- everyone will see it! Jesus' return will not be hidden with only Christians knowing- all people will see the vision. "Even those who pierced Him" is a direct reference to the Jewish nation (even though hey didn't "pierce" him, they are "credited" with Jesus' crucifixion). The Jews will be reminded of their rejection of Jesus and will then turn and accept Jesus. 

Jesus then "introduces" Himself with Alpha (beginning, first letter of the Greek alphabet) and Omega (end, last letter of the Greek alphabet); Jesus is everything. 

John reports that he is in exile on Patmos (v 9), likely because of his preaching and teaching of Jesus ("because of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus"). Patmos is described as a desolate, lonely, barren, uninhabited (except for the prison) island. John was on the island and a loud voice (trumpet) tells him to start writing what he sees! John turns and doesn't see Jesus, but seven lampstands. The lampstands hold the lamp, so allow the light of the lamp to spread out. Lampstands are symbolic of the church- we hold up the light (of Christ) to spread that light to our world. Seven lampstands- seven churches. 

John looks more closely and see Jesus clothed in robes and gold- symbols of dignity and glory. The whiteness of Jesus' hair symbolizes old age (i.e. wisdom and timeless). Fire (symbolic of judgement) in Jesus' eyes. Feet of brass (burnished bronze) symbolic of someone who has been through the refiner's fire; brass is also connected to the altar for sacrifices and is a very strong metal- so symbolic of stability and everlasting strength. The seven stars are the leaders of the seven churches; the seven churches represented all the churches- so Jesus holds all churches in his hand (remember- seven is perfect/ complete). The sword form His mouth referenced the power of Jesus' words; the Word of Christ is sharp! Jesus' face glowed and shone brightly as in the transfiguration. Everything in this vision speaks of power and majesty and glory and authority. Compare to the weakened, beaten, bloody, "powerless" Jesus at the crucifixion!

John was overwhelmed at the vision and fell to his knees. Even with three years of ministry, John (if we assume this was written by John the apostle) wasn't prepared to see Jesus this majestic! Jesus reaches out with his right hand (symbol of love and grace and peace) and comforts John. Jesus- still has compassion for people. Jesus comforts with similar words that we heard earlier- Jesus is eternal and truly resurrected. Some people think that the devil holds the keys to Hell, but in this passage- Jesus is the one who has those keys!

Jesus commands John again- write this down!! Jesus interprets the seven lampstands and the seven stars. Jesus interprets that stars as angels that look down and protect each church' some commentaries (like I said earlier) say the reference is to the angels being the pastors/ leaders of the church protecting the church.

What a powerful introduction to the book! Imagine how John is feeling now!!

I may be late (or not posting) tomorrow. I am "processing" some chickens (about 30) for a few friends and I like to do that as early as possible. It should take be 4 or 5 hours to do them, so if I post tomorrow it will be early to mid afternoon. 

Have a great day and enjoy Revelation! Read this introductory chapter a few times!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

3 John

Yesterday afternoon was quite nice. Had a chance to get out and do some walking in the woods around the house and then do some barn work!! Today is lectionary and errand day- going to be a fun day!

This is a genuine letter, written to a specific person for a particular reason. We don't know the author exactly, but he addresses himself as "the elder" so similar to 2 John; presumably the same person wrote both. A person by the name of Diotrephes is dividing the congregation based on his teachings and John is writing to Gaius, the congregation leader, hoping to help him solve the problem,. The date of the letter is unknown; there is some reference to it in 3rd century writings but that is really all we have to work with.

Gaius is a very common Roman name; it is assumed that this Gaius is the leader of a congregation and the author, John, prays for his good health (a very common salutation) and commends him for walking in the truth, living by the revelation of God in Christ. It may be that Gaius was at one time a disciple, as John is pleased that his child (v 4) is walking in truth. As I said yesterday, it is a real joy for a pastor to see their people doing good work! John seems very happy and full of joy!

John praises Gaius for his hospitality (v 5); I assume John sees this as an outpouring of God's love to "strangers". The compliments continue when John mentions Gaius' faith and good works in faith. Teachers/ preachers were often itinerant and relied on the goodness of the people that they went to preach to. John is pleased with the support Gaius and his congregation provided for these preachers, so much so that they didn't have to rely on any support from the Gentiles (non-believers, v 7); Gentiles are now referenced as "non-Christians" (rather than non-Jews in the Gospels and some of the epistles).

Now comes the "but". You're doing a good job BUT ! John publicly rebukes and calls out Diotrephes for being too full of himself, too full of pride, in contrast to humble Gaius. Not only is Diotrephes too prideful, he doesn't pay any attention to John or others in authority (that sounds like me at times! Not the pride part- I don't think!). Diotrephes also seems to be kicking people out of the church that show hospitality (v 10).

John has given us two examples- Gaius (good) and Diotrephes (not so good); now we decide which model to follow (v 11). Obviously, the good are form God and the bad are not from God! Demetrius is another example of good (Demetrius may have been the one to carry the letter from John to Gaius) and John wanted Gaius to know that he was a good guy and should extend his hospitality to Demetrius. 

As John ended the last letter to "the elect lady", John ends this one with a hope of a personal visit to Gaius and the blessings from "friends"; John probably had several followers with him as he discussed this problem and they are the "friends" that send greetings. A mark of Christian love that we can be friends separated by miles! The letter is about conflict and trouble in Gaius' church, yet John wishes peace.

This was a simple and easy to follow letter!! Get ready for that to change as we start Revelation tomorrow! 22 chapters means we will be done in just a few short weeks! Can you imagine? The entire New Testament in a year!! I will post an introduction to Revelation later.

Have a great rest of the day.

Peace+
Pastor Paul

2 John

 Good morning! Some good discussion on yesterday's reading- especially the "mortal sin" part. I did some research and didn't really find anything other than- a mortal sin is a sin done knowingly, or one that causes the death of another, or one that causes you to deny God/Jesus. As I said in several responses, I think these people should especially be prayed for! 

I think we all came to the conclusion that 1 John was quite repetitive! I think there were some good words for us, but could have been said in fewer passages! John obviously was trying to drive home the point of sin and children of God.  It would be interesting to know who this was going to and what their response was!

Today we read John's Second letter. This is a "typical" letter with salutation, body, and farewell. It sounds somewhat like 1 John and the Gospel of John, but there are several differences too- so we really have no idea who wrote it! He addresses himself as "John the elder" so maybe it was a disciple of John? It was likely written 90- 110AD. The main point of this letter is deceivers that are teaching Jesus did not come in the flesh- an important idea since this tells us church doctrine is beginning to form. The "opposing" viewpoint is Gnostic and docetic theology that says Christ only "appeared" human.

The letter is addressed to "the elect lady and her children" but we are not really sure who this person is! Maybe she was an elder of the church and "the children" were the congregation members? Names were not used because of potential persecution if this letter was intercepted by Rome. "Truth" is the common denominator between John and "the lady", the truth is what holds all Christians together. I am reminded of the discussion between Jesus and Pilate when Pilate finally closes with "What is truth?" (John 18:38). The salutation ends with God the Father and Jesus, the Father's Son. The "Father's Son" to emphasize the miraculous conception of Jesus (something the Gnostics didn't believe). No Holy Spirit?

John is thrilled that "some" of the children were walking in truth and love. Some were upholding the commandment to love others- not a new commandment- but one that has been around a while! It is always a joy for a pastor to see their flock "walking in the truth". One of the greatest parts of my ministry is seeing people react/respond in a Godly manner, walking in truth, loving others!

Now comes the "but". John continues with "But, some people are teaching that Jesus wasn't human." There were many travelling preachers in the early church that made a living going from town to town on "ministry/preaching" tours. They were like the travelling salesmen of the "olden days" and would often ask for money for their missions. These people that are teaching Jesus wasn't human are referenced as antichrist (remember the last letter!). John cautions the lady and tells her to fight back with opposite and correct teachings. Denying Jesus means that you are also denying God and denying God prevents you from having eternal life. We must do what we can to prevent these errant teachings form continuing. What are some errant teachings that are being taught now in our churches?

In closing, John is anticipating a future visit. Face to face visits are usually better than letters anyway- we get to see body language and facial expressions! And then the letter is done!  Brief and to the point. It would be interesting (as we have said for Paul's letters) to know the responses of the recipients.

Some good advice for us- be aware of preachers teaching unsound/incorrect doctrine. I was talking with someone recently, and this similar discussion came up. Preachers are in a powerful position and can take their people almost anywhere- and that is John's comment here! Be aware!

Have a nice day- looking like it is going to be sunny but cold!

Peace+
Pastor Paul

1 John 5

 Good morning...some snow here and cold outside...but its going to be a good day!

Lots of commentary about love from Friday's reading! Good!! Like I said to a few people- this is John's letter, not Jesus'! This is what John thinks, not necessarily what Jesus taught or thought. Regarding love- it is hard to "love" all people, but then we run into the question "What is love?" I look at it as not hating; doing the best we can to see and hear what "they" are saying and doing the best we can todo good for them. We may not agree, but we can still coexist. Does that make some sense?

Also, we don't know who John write this letter to. Was it a church or an individual? Usually authors would write the name(s) of the recipient(s) in the introduction.  None here! But, like Donna T said, John is trying to drive home a point to the person! John does say things like "you are like little children" many times, so it seems like it is written to a group rather than a single person, but that is just my guess. 

John picks up the little children theme again in this last chapter. The way we know we are children of God is if we believe in Jesus as the Messiah. Most of this letter has been on sin and loving others, but John wants to be sure we know that loving others doesn't "earn" us salvation- we get that through faith and belief in Jesus as Messiah. The continuation is that if we love and know Christ, then we also love and know God, and if we love God then we love God's children (i.e. "others"). Not only does our love for children of God express our love and respect for God, but our obedience to God also shows our love for God. A "Christian" who does not love God and also follow God's commands isn't really a Christian! If we love God, the commandments should be "easy" to follow. Have you ever had a boss that you really liked- you would probably do anything for them, as opposed to a boss that you didn't like- less likely to be full of energy. Similar with God- if we love God then we should want to follow the commands!

In this next section (vv 6-12), John builds our relationship with God on Jesus Christ. He begins with Jesus is both divine and human (born of blood and water). A "common" thought (the Gnostic belief) was that Jesus was just divine, no humanity. John is countering that argument here. Water and blood may also be John's reference to the two ways Jesus comes to us through the sacraments- water (baptism) and blood (communion). Others (Augustine especially) say John is referencing the water and blood that poured from Jesus' side when he was stabbed at the crucifixion. Or it could be John's reference to the water at Jesus' baptism and the blood at Jesus' crucifixion. Regardless, John says that these three- water, blood, and Spirit- all confirm Jesus divinity and humanity.

John goes on to say, we listen to people all the time and believe them (v 9). God's witness and testimony is far greater than that! And God has said Jesus was God's son! When we accept that, we accept the Spirit in our hearts (v 10). The Spirit rests inside us and reminds us of our belief and our confirmation of Jesus as Messiah. And if we have that confirmation internally, then we have eternal life. John hopes that his clarity will help persuade others to believe (v 13). 

If we truly have faith and belief in God through Jesus and the Holy Spirit resides in us, then we can have the boldness and confidence to pray to God and know that God hears us. Not that God will answer/respond the way we want God to, but know that God wants us to pray and have conversation with God. God desires us to pray earnestly and honestly. One example John gives is when we see someone sinning. The first thing we should do is pray for them (v 16) and God will bless that person. Maybe that's what Jesus means when Jesus says "love all". Mortal sin has several connotations. A mortal sin can be one that is done with intent or knowledge; one that causes death to another; it could be a reference to sin that separates us from God (so more spiritual level). Mortal sin may reference denial of Christ while a non-mortal sin is any others. There is lots of open ended questions here, but I think we should be praying for all people- especially those that actively deny Christ!

John closes with some reassuring words. If we are born of God then we are protected by Christ against the evil one! The evil one is active in our world (always has and always will), but we have a shield of protection through Christ. 

The ending is quite abrupt and odd..."keep yourselves form idols.", however it does somewhat fit with the theme. Idols are what interfere with our relationship with God. Idols, those false gods, prevent us from fully developing an intimate relationship, so the warning is suitable- even though abrupt! What are your idols that prevent your relationship from being solidified?

I hope you learned from this last chapter! Tomorrow is John's second letter- a very brief commentary on deceivers in the church that are teaching Christ never came in human form! This is an important jump because it shows us that orthodoxy, a proper view of doctrine, has begun to evolve in the church!

Have a good day, stay warm- snowing like crazy here on the hilltop!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

1 John 4

 What a rainy and wet morning! Yikes! It is pouring so hard here! So much rain this year! Wonder what winter will be like?!

Some great discussion from yesterday's chapter. Sin is hard to think about and hard to discuss. I know I never sin (right?!) Like I said to a few, I think God is looking for two things in us: (first) belief in Christ and that Christ died for us and (second) a continual improvement in our behaviors. I think if we work on those two, God still considers us God's children. Also, I think we can come to the conclusion that the commands John was talking about are the last two Jesus left us with: Love God....and love neighbor. Like we all said- the first is easy to do, the second- not so much! 

Today's chapter has some great words on "testing spirits" and the fact that God is love. We will read some familiar words (especially if you listened to the message from t his past Sunday!)

We begin with a harsh warning from John, "Not every spiritual experience you have is from God!" (v 1). The early church was strong and vibrant; the early church had a fervor for God; the early church was on fire- yet there were false prophets in the world trying to misguide the people and pull them away from God. There were many charismatic "prophets" that were attempting to lead people astray. Sometimes it is easy to get caught up in the excitement of something new, different, exciting! John reminds us to test our experiences against Scripture and through the body of Christ (i.e. the church). True teaching and true prophecy will be true to Christ and will present a true Jesus. To deny the trueness of Jesus is the teachings of the Antichrist. The spirit of the antichrist is present in John's world (and probably ours) and we will know it when we hear it and interact with it. 

As children of God though (v 4), we are protected from the antichrist- although we need to be warned about it! The indwelling of the Holy Spirit is greater than the antichrist and that Spirit will overpower the evil-- if we rely on the Spirit and call on it! We will know the evil spirits as they are focused on earthly, worldly things in contrast to the Holy Spirit- focused on God's kingdom. Where are we focused?

John then moves to the perfection of God and God's love in us (vv 7- 21). We are to love because God loved us; we don't love to earn God's love, we give God's love to people around us. If we truly believe God and trust God, then we are to manifest that through our love for others. Relationships are like a triangle: two people at the base and God at the apex. As the two people draw closer to God, they also draw closer to each other. 

God "illustrated" God's love for us at Jesus' crucifixion (vv 9-10). John continues with, the least we could do is love others (v 11)! We can fully appreciate the love God has for us in our love for others. The more we love others, the more perfect God's love becomes. We have no idea what God looks like, but we know that love is the expression of God. John restates this many times...God is love and our love for others is how we express that love. Near the end of the chapter (v 20), John says that we cannot say we love God and hate someone. Those two statements are mutually exclusive. If we have hate in our hearts (think about our current world) then how can we love God? The commandment from Jesus was love others as I have loved you (v 21). No hate.

Lots to think about with these words! Good time to break for the weekend and do some soul searching! Have a great weekend!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

1 John 3

 Good morning again. Hope all is well with you all!

Some great commentary and thoughts about yesterday's chapter! Thanks for your dedication to the words and thoughts of John. I am really enjoying his writing! Today's chapter will bring some familiar words to us and some more great thoughts!

There are many things that God could have done to sinful humanity, but God adopted us as children! We are all children of God! If we are children, then we should have a decent relationship with God and with our Brothers and Sisters! "The world" may not know God, so "the world" doesn't know the relationship that we have and that we are children. The world represents the Pagans and Gentiles that do not know God. Our present standing with God is plain and easy to see, yet our future is somewhat cloudy and unseen at this moment (v 2). We have no idea what glory will look like, but we will see it some day! In our destiny, we will be like Christ, pure and holy- that is hope! Our hope is that when we meet Christ- either at our death or at Christ's return- we will be made pure and holy like Christ. 

John goes back to sin and attacks it at its root- it is a revolt against God's law (v 4). John defines Christ's mission in basic terms- to get rid of that sin. If we truly live in Christ, then our sins are continuously taken away. A lifestyle of habitual sin though is inconsistent with a Godly life; occasional sin is acceptable and improving in who we are is desired by God. John gets more blunt saying if you continuously sin, you are a child of the devil! How does that sound?! God sent Jesus to get rid of that devil, that evil, those sins in our world. My translation (NRSV) says that Jesus will "destroy the works of the devil" (v 8). Destroy! Are you a child of God or a child of the devil?

The basic message from God has been love each other- since forever (v 11)! John brings up the example of Cain. We are not exactly sure why Cain killed Abel, but for some reason, he became wicked and desired the death of Abel. We can assume both kids were brought up in a Godly home and had a relationship with God, but for some reason, Cain turned away. Like Cain, some people ("the world") may hate you- don't be surprised at that! They may not understand you and your relationship with God and other Brothers and Sisters. The love we have for others is a sign of our relationship with God and then our eternal life (v 14). If we don't love, then we are unable to "be alive." John then uses strong language- "anyone who hates their brother or sister is a murderer" (v 15). What John means is that hate is inconsistent with God and Jesus just like murder is inconsistent with God and Jesus; we cannot hate and be alive in Christ. As Christ laid down his life for us, we should do the same (v 16). Again, this isn't literal, but John is saying that we should be able to do whatever we can for our brothers and sisters in Christ. Loving others is sometimes a sacrifice. 

Our love should be manifested in our actions (v 18). It is easy to talk about loving someone, but the real evidence is how we treat that person or how we respond to them. I have seen several examples of people saying they "love" others, but when it comes down to it, their actions do not mimic their words! We should have confidence that our actions and or words are the same; we should be able to stand before God with our hearts exposed and be open to God and the love we have for others. John closes with the reminder- love everyone!

Again, some really great words from John. He is really focused on loving others through action. What a wonderful world if we could all do that!

Have a good day!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

1 John 2

 What another great day yesterday! After church work in the morning, we went out for lunch at Sugar Maple and then an afternoon of yard work! What an exciting  life!!

In the previous chapter, John makes it clear that sin is a reality we all have to consider. Even the best people sin! In this chapter, John takes it more seriously and says that the reason for this letter is so that we know sins we are doing and that we prevent them as much as possible. God's desire for people is no sin, however, God knows that sin is likely, so God is there for forgiveness (v 2) and mercy. Satan accuses us before God but God is our defense lawyer! Interesting note, Jesus used the word Advocate in John's Gospel for the Holy Spirit, yet John uses it here for God? Anyway, John continues and brings up the propitiation (atonement, "pleasing the gods").

The evidence that someone knows Christ and is a Christian is not the words they use but the fact that they follow the commandments from Christ (v 3+). Relationship with God promotes a simple, obeying relationship. "If you're going to talk the talk, then walk the walk." There are many people that say they are Christian, yet their actions say differently (I am there sometimes I know!). We become different people when we are in Christ and Christ is in us. 

John begins talking of the commandment; it is both old (i.e. they have heard it their entire life) and new (i.e. it is the new commandment from Jesus)-- "Love one another!" Back to the symbology between light and dark. Darkness has taken over the world (much like today) so the Light needed to come; love needed to happen for the darkness to be put away. If Light exists, darkness cannot exist- they are mutually exclusive. We need to hear that today in our world! Hope exists in the Light! When we are in the dark, it is easy to get lost, it is easy to stray off the path and get turned around. John addresses us as "little children" (i.e. new to the faith). 

John now goes through all levels and ages of people. Fathers- men and women with long and deep  spirituality and true knowledge of God and Christ; young men (people)- not children yet not full grown, still on the "front line" of ministry, spiritually alive and active; children- new to the faith, fresh and desiring learning and edification. What level are you?

Worldliness is an attack on our relationship with God (v 15).  We get caught up in the world and the desires in the world and we lose track of God and lose sight of God's mission/ministry for us. The world is focused on lust, flesh (carnal), pride, riches, getting ahead, being the top dog. We know all that- right?! John says that will all pass away- and God will remain!

Another warning from John- the coming of the Antichrist! John mentions "the last hour" (v 18) as it was expected that Christ's return would be now; obviously after 2000 years it hasn't happened yet0 but we do not know the time or the hour! The world had "antichrists" 2000 years ago- people that were leading Christians astray. Is it the same today? Who are the antichrists? The Antichrist is the one that will end the world- a character with charisma that will lead people to ultimate destruction. Scary! Will we know this antichrist? They may be people from the flock (v 19), yet lead people away- false shepherds (we have talked about that a few times!). John says we have a discerning quality  to us (v 20) and should be able to recognize these antichrists.  One way we will recognize these people is their denial of Jesus and GOd (v 22). You can't be a Christian and deny Christ!

The battle against the antichrist is a solid relationship with God (v 24) and other Christians. Live in the hope and the knowledge of Christ and that will sustain us. The more we focus on Christ and the more we learn and the deeper our relationship with Christ and fellowship with others, the more we will be able to stand against the antichrist! God's anointing will guide us (v 27); if we are truly in relationship with God, we will know the antichrist and be able to turn away.  Our whole eternity is based on a solid relationship with God! John continually uses the word "abide"- be part of, be intimately connected to, have a solid relationship with, be part of- God! How many different ways can John express the importance of a relationship with God. Did the people back then get it? Do we get it?

Some really great- and some scary- words for us today! Hope you enjoy it!

Off to lectionary and errands today!! Yahoo!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

1 John 1

 Good morning! What a beautiful day yesterday!! Breakfast with a friend, then home to a day packed with outside yard work with Sherri! We got so much done and plan on getting more done today. 

The most common comment from yesterday is why didn't the disciples recognize Jesus? That is a good question! We assume Jesus looked the same as pre-crucifixion, but we don't know. Maybe the disciples still didn't believe and were trying to figure out who this guy was; even though they saw Jesus in the upper room, did they still doubt the resurrection and were not expecting to see him? Lots of good thoughts!

Today we begin the Johannine epistles. Although called "letters" they may not be. 1 John certainly reads like a religious tract- there is no sender or recipient mentioned and it just doesn't read like a letter! None of these letters say they are form John! The first one is anonymous; the second two are from "the elder". The sequence is also unknown. There is no indication in the texts which was written first, second, or third! The early church assigned these letters to John, so that is where the titles came from. The style and word usage is similar to John's Gospel, so they are possibly written by John or one of his disciples. Regardless- there is some great reading in these works!

This letter begins with a similar feel as John 1..."was from the beginning". This is one link to John the Gospel author. Whatever John is writing about has been around since forever. This is real for them- they felt it, they sensed it, they saw it, they heard it. God was with them. Notice the author uses "we" in the words! This eternally existing God was with John and others...the Word of Life came to people. God made this Word physically present (revealed, manifested v 2). John intimately links together God and Jesus and will eventually add in the Holy Spirit in a few chapters. The Trinity is being established.  John's desire is for the readers to be able to have fellowship with them (v 3), to be able to join them in ministry, to join them in love and spirit. John wants to build a relationship with the people to whom this letter is written. Do we, like John, desire a relationship with others and precede that relationship with a discussion of God and Jesus? Should we?

John begins with a commentary that God sent this message (v 5)-  it isn't from John; this is God's message about God- not John's message about God. John begins with Light- reminiscent of the Genesis story. God is Light- there is no darkness in God; darkness results from us! In our darkness, we cannot see God and we cannot have a relationship with God; for us to be present and have a fellowship with God, we need to move out of the darkness and walk into the light- that is where God is. If we walk in the Light- get rid of our sins (or do as best as we can), we can commune with God. John reminds us that Jesus' blood delivers us from the sins that we all have- so we can walk with God.

John has introduced ideas of walking in light and being cleansed from sin- but he is not suggesting that we are sinless. If we say we are, we are kidding ourselves (v 8). To think we have no sin is deceiving to both God and us! Though sin is present (v 9), it doesn't have to be a stumbling block between us and God. Talking with God about our sins makes us right with God. A "simple" conversation with God about our sins makes things right; God forgives and we can rebuild that relationship with God that we so desire. 

A short beginning but packed with some powerful words! Hope you like it

Have a good day and enjoy the outside.

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

John 21

 What a great weekend! The beautiful sun and the extra hour! Life is good!!

This final chapter of John has several appearances of Jesus.

The first is to several of the disciples as they are on a fishing excursion. Back to "normal" life; the men weren't sure of what was happening and had to get back to work. Like us, after a death we have to get back to "normal" life. It is interesting that John lists several names of the disciples, then says "and two others" (v 2). Do they represent the vast numbers of faithful followers of Jesus? They were in Galilee (which is where Jesus tells them to go in Matthew). A frustrating night of fishing with no reward, the disciples begin to return to shore and see a figure on the beach. An unexpected vision (as all Jesus' post-resurrection appearances were). This stranger then tells the men to toss the net to the other side. It is morning, they are tired, they have been out all night, they want to get home and get cleaned up- but they do it. Why? They didn't recognize Jesus- it was just a stranger giving them an odd request! Tee net was packed full when they drew it in. The benefits of doing wok with Divine guidance!

John ('the disciple whom Jesus loved" v 7) comments to Peter that it is Jesus! Peter puts on clothing (the men usually took off most of their outer garments when fishing so that they could move more freely; he probably wasn't totally naked but close to it). Maybe Peter was trying to get to shore faster than the boat- devotion to Jesus!

Humble servant Jesus had prepared a fire for making breakfast. Even in his post-resurrection life, Jesus is illustrating the humbleness and servanthood He expects! John writes (v 11) that there were 153 fish- a quite exact number! There are many many thoughts as to why this number was mentioned, but does that matter?! Jesus invites (another attribute of Jesus!) yet there is some uncertainty (v 12) because of the hesitation. Did Jesus look different? Were they still somewhat doubtful?

Jesus then breaks the bread and fish and the lights come on for the disciples. It was as if they were back at their last meal with Jesus and all the memories come back. Food is a big memory maker and many of Jesus' post-resurrection appearances are around food. Intimacy and family involve food. 

After eating, Jesus turns attention to Peter and "restores" Peter. We know this scene and probably have read it many times. The frustration in Peter when Jesus asks him three times "Do you love Me?" The various emphases in how Jesus asks the question. We aren't sure if the other disciples hear the questioning, but how do they feel that Jesus is taking so much time with Peter?

Jesus speaks of Peter's past (and our past)- he went where he wanted, did what he wanted, didn't know God/Jesus, but as he matured and developed, Peter became a disciple and would eventually go to a place that he didn't want to go (Peter would be crucified later in life as a follower of Jesus).

Peter turns and sees John (v 20) and asks, "What about him, will he be crucified too?" (V 21). Jesus' response- does it matter!? (v 22) I asked you to follow me, the discussion was between me and you, not me and John! A rumor began circulating that John would stay alive until Jesus returned. He didn't, but he was the oldest surviving disciples!

John closes this chapter with the statement that he was the unnamed disciple and that these words are true. And there was more done, but just not written down. 

A great ending to the story- there is so much more out there! We begin reading John's letters tomorrow. Maybe written by John author of the Gospels, maybe written by one of his disciples. There are some great words in these three letters.

Have a good day.

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

John 20

 Well that frost last night will definitely end the growing season! We did have some lettuce in our raised beds and even with windows to cover them they froze! Guess it is back to store bought lettuce. Ugh.

Busy few days for me. Course of study this morning and early afternoon, then wedding rehearsal. Repeat tomorrow with wedding at 3:30. Good Shepherd Fairview on Sunday! I Need to retire!!

Great comments and discussion from yesterday. I enjoy the thoughts and commentary...thanks!

Today we have hope! Today is Easter Sunday! Today is Resurrection Day!!

Jesus was crucified on Friday (or Thursday, depending on the Gospel you read!). HIs body was brought to the tomb of Joseph of Arimathea, sealed with a large stone, and guarded by Roman guards. Generally, guards are not at tombs, the guards were there to prevent anyone from stealing the body and then claiming resurrection. In this account, Mary Magdalene comes to begin final preparations of Jesus' body. Other Gospels have other women show up- all with the intention of preparation for burial (it was the women's task to prepare bodies for burial). There may have been other women present in John's story- but Mary ran back to get the men disciples. The fact that they came ready for preparation means they didn't believe that Jesus would be resurrected! When Mary first saw the empty tomb, she assumed someone stole Jesus' body- and that's why she reported what she did to the other disciples. 

Peter and "the other disciple" (John, being humble didn't mention himself) run to the empty tomb. Did they not believe Mary? Didn't they want to say, "Yah, Jesus said he would be resurrected?!" They had heard life changing news- so they ran!

John arrives first and stoops down to peek in. John clearly saw the grave wrappings and the empty place where Jesus was laid. Something kept John from going in though. What? Respect for the dead? Ceremonial uncleanliness? Fear? Impulsive (characteristic of Peter) and quick to decide, Peter rushes into the tomb. He sees the linen clothes laying there- as if the body had evaporated. The linen was smeared with spices and aloe and would have hardened somewhat in the three days. They would have almost needed to be cut off, yet they didn't look disturbed form where the body was. The headcloth was rolled and folded neatly in a slightly different area from the rest of the wrappings. 

John finally enters. And they both believe. They left- possibly to go back to the upper room?

Mary M stays at the tomb, maybe still not believing in resurrection. She finally stoops down to look into the tomb and sees what Peter and John saw. In addition she sees two angels (Did Peter and John not see them or did they come after Peter and John left?). Mary still believed Jesus' body was stolen as she asks the angels where did they take the body. What prevented her from believing? As she turns to leave, she asks the "gardener" where did they take the body? She didn't recognize Jesus? Why? What prevented her? What prevents us?

When Jesus says her name, she finally recognizes Jesus. Shocked into belief, Mary goes to hug Jesus, but He comments "Do not hold on to me..." Lots of interesting discussion here! Was he really saying don't touch me? Did he not want to be defiled? Did he not want her to be defiled? Was he just a "phantom image" with no body yet? Did he mean he had more work to do so don't detain him? Lots of discussion possible! Mary runs back to the others and tells them what she saw (remember Peter and John probably said something, but they didn't see Jesus).

Later that same day, Jesus appears in the upper room where the disciples were locked away. Imagine the discussions they were having- and then image what they said when Jesus appeared! Did Jesus vaporize and appear? Did Jesus knock at the door? The first words Jesus says are, "Peace be with you" He didn't chastise them for deserting him at the cross; He didn't comment on their lack of faith: He offered peace! We hear John's interpretation of the Great Commission, "As the Father has sent me, so I send you." (v 21). Go, continue the work I began, we have lots to do! And Jesus gives them the Holy Spirit (as promised earlier in his farewell commentary). 

For some reason, Thomas wasn't present. He comes back later and the disciples explain what happened. Obviously there was disbelief. I appreciate Thomas' words- unless I see it myself I will not believe. Some people call him Doubting Thomas- I call him Honest Thomas...unless I see it I find it hard to believe!

Thomas goes on questioning for a week. Finally, Jesus returns and grants Thomas the evidence he needed- nail holes and pierced side. He believes- with the challenge from Jesus- you believe because you saw- what about those that don't see yet believe?! Why do we believe?

John closes this chapter with an odd "disclaimer". Jesus did many more miracles than I could write, but I selected and wrote the ones that would convince you about the Messiahship of Jesus. Sounds like the end of the book- but there is one more chapter!

What a great way to end the week- hope! Enjoy these words to day and see the hope and joy! HAve a good weekend. 

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

John 19

 Brrr!!! Some ice on the water buckets this morning!! 

Yesterday was a roller coaster day- snow and dark in the morning, then bright sunshine in the afternoon, then some rain! Mother Nature is all over the place! Our first snow of the year...

Chapter 19 picks up in the middle of the events form yesterday. Jesus is in the hands of Pilate, Barabbas was set free. Pilate found no charges against Jesus, yet Jesus is sentenced to death. Pilate orders Jesus to be whipped/scourged- a very severe form of punishment from Pilate (who thinks Jesus is innocent). Some theologians comment that Pilate may have ordered the beating, as severe as it was, in hopes that the crowd would be satisfied with that rather than an execution.  The whip used in scourging was made of long leather braids and the end of each had bone or stone in it with the intention of inflicting severe pain and bleeding. It was not unusual for criminals to die from this punishment. The humiliation of Jesus continues with the crown of thorns and the purple robe and the mocking "Hail, King of the Jews!"

As Jesus comes out in front of the crowd, Pilate again comments that he sees no guilt in Jesus (v 6). Pilate presents Jesus to the crowd, beaten and humiliated, possibly hoping the crowd would see innocence. In this account, we hear the exact reason why Jesus was condemned by the Jews- not because he was king of the Jews, but because He was the Son of God (v 7). This brings fear to Pilate- did Pilate have a better understanding than the Jews?

Pilate gives Jesus another opportunity to save himself. Jesus says nothing (v 9). Pilate found it difficult that Jesus wouldn't at least try to say something; Jesus doesn't beg for his life as other criminals would have; Jesus doesn't show awe or intimidation to Pilate either. Jesus knows that Pilate has power, but not the same power as Jesus has (v 11). 

Pilate really truly believes in Jesus. Pilate had his position only because he was married to the granddaughter of Caesar. If the relationship with Caesar was somehow ruined or stressed, he would lose his job (v 12). The mention of Caesar probably sealed Jesus' fate. Pilate goes to the "Judgement Seat" on an elevated platform called Gabbatha. It was elevated above the court so all people could see the guilty person and hear the verdict.

We come now to a chronology glitch. In John, this judgement is happening on the day of the Passover (synoptic gospels have this even occurring the following day, remember our discussion of the dinner with Jesus and his disciples in John?). John has it happening about noon (the sixth hour); Mark has it happening at the third hour (about 9AM). 

Pilate presents Jesus to the crowd and their fury rises to a high. "CRUCIFY HIM!" they shout! I imagine Pilate was wearing down; he has tried several times to release Jesus, but the crowd wouldn't have it. I find it interesting that the crowd wanted Barabbas released (a revolutionist against the empire) and yet they swore their allegiance to Caesar (v 15). Pilate was really the one on trial here! Pilate, fearing for his job (and maybe life- who knows what the crowd would have done), sentences Jesus to crucifixion (v 16). 

As per custom, the guards strap the patibulum (the cross piece of the cross) to Jesus' back and parade Him through Jerusalem to Golgotha; the gibbet (the upright of the cross) were permanently fixed at the site of the crucifixions. The Persians "invented"  crucifixion about 300BC, but the Romans "perfected" it; it was a form of execution reserve for the worst criminals and the lowest class. Done publicly, is was a very slow and very painful mechanism of death. Three people were scheduled for death- originally Barabbas (now replaced by Jesus) and the two criminals. The people being executed had their crimes written on a placard that was hung from their neck as they walked through town and then hung from the cross where they hung. Jesus' sign was "King of the Jews" (v 19). It was written in all three languages of the time: Aramaic, Greek, Latin...the whole world knew what was going on. 

John turns to the witnesses of the crucifixion (v 25) . It is so hard to image how Mary, the mother of Jesus, was feeling right now. She was there to witness pain, suffering, humiliation, and death of her son. No parent should have to go through that. His mother's sister is likely a reference to Salome. "The disciple whom he loved" is probably a humble reference to John (the author). The reference (v 27) "Here is your mother" was an indication for John to take Mary home and care for her as if she were his mother.

The wine was the "refreshments" for the guards as they waited for the criminals to die. It was not wine mixed with myrrh (an analgesic). The guards gave Jesus some of the wine, lifting it to him on hyssop (the plant used to spread the blood of the Passover lamb). "It is finished."

Traditionally, bodies were left on the crosses for two days. However, since it was Passover and the Sabbath, the bodies had to be removed quickly. Breaking legs was a common method to hasten death; with broken legs, the criminal could not lift up enough to take a breath; suffocation happened quickly. Jesus' legs were not broken as he was already dead (v 33). The piercing of the side confirmed death. Most crucified individuals die from ruptured heart and/or congestive heart failure; as their side is pierced, the blood and watery fluid rush out of the side. Interesting side note, "Rock of Ages" (Augustus Toplady) references this moment, "...let the water and the blood, from thy riven side which flowed..."

Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus were Jesus' two latest "recruits" to the disciple program. Their final role in Jesus' ministry was to remove him from the cross and do a rudimentary preparation for burial. As per Jewish custom, they washed Jesus' body and removed all the foreign materials that had been stuck on him- bone from the whipping, rock and stone fragments from falling, dead flies and other insects. What an impression this must have been for these two men! They wrap Jesus body and place him in a tomb that Joseph of Arimathea had purchased. The Sabbath was coming soon, so they would finish their burial after the Sabbath...or would they!

This was a tough chapter to read and write about. We all know about the crucifixion, but to examine it closely brings it to a different level. We know the results- but they didn't. Try to imagine the horror and pain that the disciples and lovers of Jesus were feeling right now. 

Tomorrow we read John's resurrection story!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

John 18

 Good morning again. It is dark out there! Yikes!! Thanks for all he comments and discussion over the last chapter. There were some great thoughts! I appreciate the dialogue!

This morning is the betrayal and arrest of Jesus. As we read, remember the words Jesus has said to his followers. 

Some translations add in the Brook Kidron rather than the Kidron Valley. This is the name of the brook that flows in the valley that one must cross to get to the garden. During the Passover, this small brook flows red with the blood of the lambs that have been sacrificed for the feast. A chilling reminder of what is to come. 

As they enter the garden, Judas is there with a small group of police. A brief conversation happens, and Jesus continually addresses himself as "I AM" the symbol of divinity. There seems to be no fighting or disagreement, Jesus seems to willingly go with the police. Peter tries to start something by cutting the ear of the slave, but he is chastised by Jesus. 

Annas was not the high priest, but there was power behind the throne of Caiaphas. While at the High priest's palace, Peter seem to cower in the dark. Several minuets earlier he was willing to fight for Jesus, but now not so much. He even denies knowing Jesus! Annas tries to question Jesus about the disciples, but Jesus protects them saying that He openly taught the whole world. Jesus exercises his lawful right when he asks to confront his accusers (v 21), but as we know- there weren't any! Legally, the high priest was to call the witnesses first to announce the charges and provide testimony, then it was up to the defendant to convince the court of innocence. This didn't happen!

Peter denies knowing Jesus two more times. The rooster crows. I winder what Peter was feeling at this moment?

Jesus is presented before Pilate. In the other Gospels, the trial is primarily with the Sanhedrin; John's emphasis is against Rome and Pilate. Interesting to note that the religious authority would willingly give up an innocent person for execution, but would not go into the Praetorium because they would then be unclean for the Passover feast (v 28). Pilate doesn't want to take the case (v 31). Jews can't execute via crucifixion, only stoning. Rome uses the cross for death. All the Hebrew prophecies point to execution via crucifixion- so Rome had to do it!

Pilate asks if Jesus was the King of the Jews (v 33). Pilate was expecting a military king, someone with great fanfare and pomp and circumstance, and here stands Jesus. Pilate expected what others expected- a great military power that would overtake Pilate and the Romans. Earthly kingdoms are based on violence, war, power, pride; God's kingdom is based on lave, peace, harmony. The two are obviously quite different! "My kingdom is not of this world." (v 36).

I really like this next series of verses that end with "What is truth?" (v 38). Jesus has always told the truth; Jesus has always said what is real, yet they (we) question all the time! For Pilate- Rome was truth, Caesar was truth, war was truth, soldiers and armies were truth, hate was truth. For Jesus- God is truth, love is truth, peace is truth. What is our truth?

Pilate declares Jesus innocent.

Pilate looks for an "easy" way to end this and remembers that during the Passover, one criminal can be granted a pardon (v 39). The crowd wants Barabbas released (v 40), a true criminal. A cruel, ruthless Roman leader tries to win the life of a Jewish rabbi, but fails.  How could the crowd turn so quickly on Jesus? Were they pushing Jesus, the Messiah, to take up arms and save them all? Were they tearing down a leader that they had built up? Were they angry at Jesus for being a "false prophet"? The crowd rejects Jesus ("Son of the Father") and embraces Barabbas (the name Barabbas means "son of the father"). I wonder how Barabbas felt upon Jesus' crucifixion?

The sentence comes down that Jesus is guilty. Tomorrow we read the "pre-crucifixon" beatings and then the crucifixion. The words will be difficult.

Enjoy the day that we have been blessed with and have hope in the resurrection!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

John 17

 Good morning! A little frost on the windshields of the car and the house and barn roof. Possible snow showers today! Winter is coming!!

This morning's chapter is a gut-wrenching prayer from Jesus for his disciples. He just talked with them about what is going to happen. As we have all concluded, the disciples still didn't get it- and I don't think we get it yet! I think the disciples imagined he was going to Rome to have it out with Pontus Pilate and then return victorious. He was the Messiah, the Savoir, the One that came to free them from oppression. One person I often think of during this time is Judas...where was he? What was he thinking? How was he feeling- all alone?

This is the longest recorded prayer of Jesus in the Bible. The sentences are simple but the ideas are moving and powerful. We really get to see the real Jesus, what he is thinking; we will be able to peer into His heart. Read it through a few times. 

Jesus is likely standing with outstretched arms and looking toward the heavens. Not a typical (for us anyway) way to such an intense deep prayer. He is looking up in glory and hope, not down in shame and despair!

We will see lots of "You", "Your Son", "Father" being used- an intense feeling of relationship and love. It is time. The hour had come. The cross- a symbol of utter humiliation will become a symbol of glory and praise. An instrument of shame will be turned into an instrument of love. 

Jesus claims his deity when he says, "given authority over all people" (v 2). No one but God can make that claim. Jesus is the one who offers eternal life- an experiential relationship with God and Jesus (v 3). Eternal life means we are active in relationship with God and God's kingdom. What will that be like?

Jesus now turns his prayer to the disciples. In their three years of ministry, they made God's name known throughout the world (v 6). They displayed the characteristics of God and what it meant to be God's chosen people. People were talking! Jesus chose the disciples, but they were given by God, God first had them, and then they were turned over to Jesus for ministry- even with their faults and mistakes- they did the work of God. The disciples obviously didn't understand everything Jesus was talking about these last few years (and last few hours especially), but Jesus thinks they are convinced of Jesus' divinity (vv 8-9). Jesus is concerned about them and their well being; he is looking out for them- especially over the next few days (v 9). Jesus cares about the world, but it is these close followers that are critical to the expansion of Jesus' message. 

Jesus is concerned about their well-being after the crucifixion. Jesus will be with God, but his fear is for the disciples that will be facing loneliness and persecution and doubt (v 11). They need special prayer- the man they had been with for the last three years will be gone; the man they trusted will be betrayed, humiliated, and crucified; their world is about to be turn upside down and they will need special care and attention from God. Jesus was there to protect and guide them for the last three years- no they are on their own- with God's help (v 12). Jesus does bring up Judas (end of v 12).

Jesus asks God for their continued joy and protection from Satan (v 15). They are to stay active in the world and not seek isolation; continue doing ministry and continue spreading the joy of Christ. They are unique people (v 16) and not of this world (as in Christ was not form this world). Jesus separates them from others by saying they are unique and special people. Sanctify them (v 17); sanctify means to be set apart to do God's work.  

Jesus then turns his attention to all believers (v 20). Jesus knows that there are many people following Him and it is the result of the work the disciples and He have done. Their faith will be challenged the next several days too! Also, many more will come to believe after all this happens and they will need "protection" from persecution, etc. Jesus' desire is that the great multitude of people: nation, race, language, social class- all be gathered as one body united under God (v 21). Jesus has a desire that he focus is love and the unity is based on love and respect and commonality based on Jesus (v 23). 

Jesus closes this prayer with faith and triumph over evil and wickedness. Jesus knew that His work was almost done and that His earthly ministry had been successful. It is now to the disciples, with God's help and the influence of the Holy Spirit, to continue this ministry. 

Some very emotional and compassionate thoughts form Jesus. He and the disciples move to the Garden of Gethsemane in the next chapter and the betrayal of Judas will happen. Jesus' life is coming to a close but He still shows compassion and love.

Have a good day.

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

John 16

 We had a great night at Trunk or Treats! We had probably close to 90 kids come by for treats and goodies. It was so nice to see them all. There were about 9 or 10 "trunks" giving out treats at the church. The Fire Station also had a Trunk or Treats so many of the kids went there too! It was drizzling when we got there and the wind was howling- but it stopped  just as the kids were coming. It turned out to be a great night!

We were unable to spend the day with Joseph, but Lauren sent photos. When Joseph was younger, he was all excited about fire trucks, but now it is school busses. At the day care that he goes to, there are two busses that stop and pick up kids and he gets so excited to see the bus. So, he was a school bus for Halloween!

 

This morning begins with a continuation of Friday's reading. Jesus was talking with the disciples about their future persecution and hate. Jesus told them about the coming persecution so they would be prepared for it and not be surprised and stumble (v 1). The disciples would likely be thrown out of the synagogues, rather than leave on their own. When people say things against the current theology and belief, they are often excommunicated or at least shunned enough that they leave. These people, and the ones that will be persecuting, often do it as a tribute to God (e.g. Saul of Tarsus before his conversion was persecuting the "Christians" for God's glory!). Jesus is doing as best as he can to forewarn the disciples of the troubles they will face. Do you think they understood? Would we have understood? Do we now?

Jesus then makes an interesting statement (v 5). Both Simon Peter and Thomas asked "Lord, where are you going?"  The thought is that in both cases, the disciples were more worried about themselves when Jesus left- not on the destination of Jesus. They were concerned about themselves rather than Jesus. In defense of the disciples, they are probably full of confusion, grief, sorrow, wonder, anxiety at hearing all of this from Jesus. Jesus states it is for their advantage that Jesus leave (v 7). When someone is close to death, we sometimes do "wish" for death as it will ease their comfort and pain- it usually isn't a wish for us that someone will die. Here Jesus is saying that the disciples will be better off if Jesus is gone! The "advantage" is that the Holy Spirit/ the Advocate will come. The Holy Spirit, since it influences all people, probably has a greater and more widespread ministry. Jesus is saying that the Spirit would be better for the people than the physical presence of Jesus. Thoughts?

Jesus makes an honest confession, "I have more to say, but I just can't do it right now" (v 12). There is more to learn when the Spirit comes. Is this the anticipation of the New Testament writings? The Holy Spirit will reveal Jesus to us. The ministry of the Spirit is the revelation of Jesus to all people. 

Jesus' arrest is only a few hours away. During the crucifixion and resurrection, the disciples lost their faith and lost vision of Jesus (v 16). The disciples were certainly confused, "First you see me, then you won't, then you will again." I'd be confused too! Jesus knew that they needed clarity; Jesus knew that they were confused- they had to be! Jesus knew that they would be plunged into dark sorrow and pain; Jesus also knew that the sorrow would turn into joy with the actions of God through the Holy Spirit. Jesus makes the analogy of a woman giving birth. The pain of childbirth is replaced by the joy of motherhood and that pain is "forgotten" (or so they say- anyone care to comment on that?). 

Jesus makes it clear that God loves them; God loves the disciples (and all) because of their love for Jesus. And this statement is made before Jesus dies on the cross- God loves before Jesus' death, not as a result of it. God came to earth in love! Jesus keeps repeating the statement "I came from the Father" throughout John's Gospel. Jesus reminds them again, He came from God, lived with people, and now has to go back to God. 

The disciples seem to "get it" (vv 29- 30). They have had their epiphany, their "ah-ha" moment and seem to realize what Jesus had been talking about the last three years! They seem quite confident in the faith. Jesus doesn't doubt the disciples, but He knows that their faith will be shattered in the next few days. The question, "Do you now believe?" (v 31) could also be translated, "You do now believe!" but your faith will be shaken! Crisis will come (soon) and their faith will be shattered as they regroup and try to wrap their heads around what has happened. Jesus tells them that they will abandon Him, yet He will not be alone as God will be there (v 32). 

Jesus summarizes his final talk with the words, "Have peace. Take courage. I win!" Soon (next chapter), Jesus will pray for the disciples, but right now, Jesus wanted the disciples to hear these important words. 

Try to imagine being the disciples, try to imagine hearing these words, try to imagine not having 2000 years of history to "prejudice" our thoughts. 

Have a good day and be at peace.

Shalom+
Pastor Paul