1 Timothy 5

 Busy weekend! Drove to State College Friday morning; loaded up U-Haul and drove home Saturday; unloaded at our house late Saturday and into storage pace Sunday. The house is a disaster with boxes and things all over...but so much fun with Joseph. It is going to be a bus summer, and I am exhausted already!

1 Timothy 5 is a great chapter on how to treat people in general. These lessons (remember) are written for timothy, but they are all something we can learn from! Many of these lessons are lost!

Immediately, Paul talks about how to treat and respect elders. Some translations say "do not rebuke an elder". Later, we will hear Paul say sometimes elders need to be rebuked, but not harshly. The point here is to correct them gently and make corrections with compassion. These first few verses (vv 1-2) are all about respect and getting along. How is that taught to our young people? Many times we have commented about respect and the lack of it. If we look at some families- they don't even respect each other!

In the next set of lines (vv 3- 8) are about treatment of widows- women who are truly alone. There was no social assistance programs in early Rome, so it was really up to the kindness of the church and the neighbors to care for people that don't have means. If there is family around- the family should be caring for the woman. This short paragraph goes deep into family respect and care- and respect. Families today are so broken, that they don't learn respect and compassion. How can the church change that? I find V 8 quite interesting- If you don't care for your family- you have turned against God! Look around- how many families do you know that don't care for each other? Where is the love for family gone? Paul seems to put an age limit in his discussion. Any widow over 60 (v 9) regardless of family status should be taken care of by the church. The assumption was that under age 60, she could do somethings to help herself (get a job) or get remarried! What does this statement (over age 60) say to the church about caring for our elders?

Paul says some interesting comments about younger widows...let them remarry if they want. Paul wasn't against remarrying; the comment basically was they are young and they will get pulled away from the church because they want to find a husband! Paul even goes to the extent of saying that they should get married and settle down- otherwise they will turn into busy bodies- and we know from the previous chapters how Paul feels about that! Paul really does feel it is the church's function/job to care for elders (widows) that are truly destitute.

The elders that Paul speaks of (v 17) are the church leaders. It seems like he is talking about merit pay here (v 17)! Paul is in support of the church helping the destitute, and then he goes on to say that those that are the leaders should be given double that amount for the work they do! Suggest that to the church SPR committee! (jk!!) The more useful you are the more valuable you are, the more you should be rewarded. 

Paul really has it our for gossip! He comments that you should always have some others present when people want to gossip (v 19). The idea is that there are others there to hear what you heard- so much for confidentiality issues! As clergy, I hear lots of stories about lots of people. It is hard to know truth and reality. One's perception of an event is their reality and I sometimes don't hear the other side. There are times I would like to have two people that tell stories about each other to come together and tell their stories to each other (does that make sense?)! Paul goes on to say that if you need to reprimand- do it in front of the church (v 20)! Partially this is for witnesses to hear what the pastor said; part of this is to make the rest of the church aware of their potential punishment of they are caught doing the same thing! How do you think the people of LM would respond if I rebuked someone in front of the congregation?!

Paul tells Timothy the seriousness of his job and the job of church leaders (v 21) "I Charge you before God and Jesus Christ..." The New Testament places a huge emphasis on equality between people, and Paul carries it through here too (v 21) to show no partiality!  Is it that easy? To show no partiality? People need to prove themselves before they should be ordained or let into leadership roles (v 22). Does the church do a good job of that?

Huge fan of Paul's next suggestion to Timothy (v 23)! Water in ancient times wasn't always pure and clean, so there were many intestinal issues and illnesses due to that. The wine would act as an antiseptic. I will try harder to follow Paul's suggestion here!

The final words to Timothy in this chapter are ones that we know well. Sometimes sin and goodness is easy to see; sometimes not so much. But everything will be revealed in its time. How often do we sin thinking we can get away with it? Or do good things without wanting recognition? Sometimes what we see on the outside isn't an accurate reflection of the inside! Listen for God's discerning voice!

Some really good advice from Paul to Timothy in these lines!  This may make a great sermon series!

Have a great day today. Remember the freedoms we have because of those who fought for us and let us truly recognize and think about who we are as a people. May we all be blessed today and all days.

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

1 Timothy 4

Great day yesterday...we are as ready as we can be for the invasion of Joseph (and Lauren and Chris). Positive news- she has a few interviews lined up soon! We leave later this morning to drive to State College. Then the packing and moving begins! When I think about the number of times I have helped my kids pack and move, my head explodes! 

Paul begins this chapter with a short discussion of  the teaching of false doctrine. Paul brings this up a few times in his letters to Timothy. In this one, Paul says that the Holy Spirit (v 1) has warned him (and us) of these false teachings! The end times will begin by people leaving the church, being easily disillusioned by evil, and pay more attention to the false prophets. When will we know this is happening? Are people beginning to lose faith now? As pastors, we need to continue to preach and teach sound doctrine (faith, hope, love, salvation, grace, mercy) and journey in faith with our people. The statement "consciences destroyed as if by a hot iron" (v 2b) means that their faith and belief is so misconstrued- once they would know what they were hearing was false doctrine, but now they don't know that. The hot iron also refers to branding of criminals on their forehead; for these that Paul speaks of, it is not their forehead that is branded, but their conscious. The idea of not marrying and not eating certain foods (v 3) is the idea that if we withhold something good for us, God will owe us something. These (obviously) are false teachings that Paul cautions us against. Paul refutes all of this with vv 4 and 5- everything God made is good and we should accept all with thanks and praise. What we eat or don't eat doesn't make us more or less righteous in the face of God.

Paul charges Timothy with instruction of sound doctrine and faith. The job of a pastor is edification (through "lecture" and living). Our model is Jesus. Not only did he sit and teach, but through his life and interactions, the disciples learned. Does your pastor instruct through both word and living? Keep your priorities straight (v 7). Focus on God's words- not man's (wives tale, foolish stories, fables). Exercise toward godliness (train yourself to serve God). Ancient Greeks and Romans were all about physical strength and health. Paul is saying to Timothy- train in the faith as an athlete would train for their competitions. All professions have some type of professional development "requirement." Part of a pastor's life is personal edification- reading, classes, discussions with colleagues; this is what Paul is talking about. He refers to this several other times in these two letters to Timothy. Do your pastors model this? 

We end this chapter with some personal words from Paul to Timothy. When Timothy started his ministry with Paul, he was young (maybe 14 years or so). This letter was written 15 or so years after that. That puts Timothy at about 25 or 30 years old. Certainly not too young, but the elders of the town would consider him too young to preach. I know when we received a young male pastor fresh from seminary, many people questioned his ability, because of his age! Paul urges Timothy to live his life so that nobody would question his youthful status (v 12). Be an example to the "elders" through your life of faith, action, love, and purity. Live and look like a pastor! Think of your pastor, do they model these qualities? I used this passage many years ago when I addressed the youth at a youth retreat in the (old) Wyoming Conference. Do we tend to trivialize the knowledge of young people?

Paul reminds Timothy of his gift of congregational ministry (v 14)! Not everyone has the gift of preaching/teaching, but everyone has gifts that they shouldn't ignore. From these words, we can get the idea that the elders of some towns (maybe Lystra and Derbe) held an ordination service for Timothy and they laid hands on him. Give your full life and attention to the work that you were graced with (v 15) and as you use  your gifts, give glory to God. Some very personal words from Paul. You can really sense his love for Timothy!

A great reading for today. I am really liking these letters and am learning some good points!

Regarding the next few weeks. I hope to maintain the same schedule- posting and responding in the morning. However, with an almost 18-month old kid running around, I am not sure if that can be done! He loves outside time and I have lots of plans for him! I will continue with the daily commentary, but they may not be posted until nap time! For Joseph, not me! No rest for the wicked!

Have a great weekend!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

1 Timothy 3

 Good day again yesterday. Lots of outside work got done. Garden is in! And then the rains came! God is good! Could use more, but I will take this right now!

I think we all agree that women and men are equal- based on comments from yesterday. That was good!

The bulk of today's reading is a list of qualification of church leaders. In the last chapter, Paul outlined that women are not good candidates for church office- but this doesn't mean all men are! Paul will list several character traits that the church leaders should have. 

Paul first talks about being an elder (bishop in some translations). We all know examples of bishops in our church leadership. The word bishop in the New Testament is derived from the Greek episkopos- "epi-" over and "skopos"- to see; literally the bishop is an overseer. In the United Methodist denomination, the bishop's office is called the "episcopacy" derived from the same word. In the case of the early church, the bishop could oversee one church or several churches. There may be multiple bishops in one area, adding to church confusion! God has specific qualifications for leaders, and Paul begins to list them (vv 2- 7). As you read through the list, think about the leaders of your church. Do they fit these qualifications?

Paul then turns to deacons. The deacons were "organized" in Acts 6:1-6; they are more oriented to service rather than word (preaching). The qualifications, according to Paul, are quite similar to bishops. In the UMC, there tends to be some "division" between the elders and the deacons, but in God's eyes, they are the same! Most of our clergy are ordained elders with only a handful being ordained as deacons. 

Paul switches topics and writes a personal message to Timothy among all these instructions. He tells of his desire to meet with Timothy again, and you can really sense the connection Paul has with Timothy. Paul's desire is for Timothy is to live a good and wholesome life in the church (v 15). Then, in just a few short sentences (v 16), Paul outlines the Gospel message in a succinct fashion. In the original Greek, these lines have a regular pattern and are thought to be an ancient church hymn. Reading these words, we can see Jesus is the complete fullness of Christian character. 

An easy and quick chapter that probably won't spark too much discussion or controversy!

Bachelor life is over for me today. Sherri comes home later; she has been in State College all week helping Lauren pack. We both go back tomorrow, with my truck, to help them pack and leave State College for good. They will be with us this summer until Lauren finds a permanent job in early childhood education. Going to be a busy summer for Grandpa Paul!

Have a great day.

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

1 Timothy 2

 Good morning. We were blessed with another beautiful day yesterday! I had a chance to get lots of outside work done and get the garden prepped. Hopefully today is planting day! But, we need rain! It is surprisingly dry!

Today's reading are some instructions/ protocols for public worship and the ways women should dress and act! Let's see what Paul has to say about that!

The most important thing Paul starts with is prayer for others (v 1). We have talked about this topic several times- praying for others. We all know the impact prayer has, and it is evident that Paul understands that too! And it is prayers for all people, from the emperor to the commoner! It is "easy" to pray for our family, but for our enemies or people that are different from us? Re: emperors (some translations say rulers)- the church was accused of undermining political authority as they claimed Christ higher that Caesar; prayer was a way to point out that they were supporting the emperor!  Do we pray for all people- or people that are like us? I like that Paul lists what we should pray for/about: supplication, intercession, and thanksgiving. Our prayers should have an evangelical purpose- God wants all people to be saved (vv 3-4). We are reminded though that there is one way to God- and that is through Jesus (vv 5-6). Regardless of the prayers that we pray, people still need to accept God through Jesus. Paul adds in the humanity of Christ (v 5), so we have some commonality with Christ! Paul ends this section with the reminder that he was chosen to deliver the Gospel message to all people- Jews and now especially the Gentiles (v 7).

Obviously, men are the only qualified leaders for worship as Paul comments on that in v 8! So, for those of you that question women as pastors- here is the proof! (I am totally kidding here by these statements!) It is interesting that Paul comments the appropriate position for prayer is standing with hands lifted to the sky- not huddled and face down as we do it now. Why do we pray like that rather than hands outstretched and face to the heavens? I also like that Paul adds "without anger and arguments" (some translations say doubt). If we are angry or are arguing or have doubts of faith- how can we adequately pray?

I'm sure these next sets of verses is going to open a can of worms! I think you all know my stand on women/men and equality. For the record- and this is Paul the farmer, retired teacher, grandpa, father of two daughters (one gay, one straight) talking- not necessarily Paul the pastor talking...I am a firm believer in equality of the sexes. Physically, there are things women can do that men can't do and things that men can do that women can't- but we are equals! Spiritually and mentally, we are equal. I actually think women have a higher spirituality than men, but we can discuss that some other time!

And now for the part we have waited for- how women should act in worship! The idea here is spiritual beauty and preparation rather than physical beauty and preparation for worship. Propriety and moderation (v 9)! Not too fancy, not too common; not too much, not too little. The way you dress reflects your heart and attitude- too casual means a casual attitude toward God, too fancy means you are trying to be equal or above God. Good works is the best adornment for women- rather than gold or pearls or jewelry (v 10). Any comments???

Now that women are in church with men, they need to be submissive and quiet (v 12). This is a throwback when women were separated; they would often shout questions that they wanted answered and would thus "upset the flow of worship"! To be honest- I like when people ask questions when I am preaching/teaching! It lets me know someone is listening! Paul continues saying tat women cannot lead worship (v 12). Unfortunately, this thought has continued today in some churches that have women pastors. My mom believed that women should not be pastors- I don't know where or how she got that idea (as we weren't church people growing up), but when they would visit, we would go to church and she would comment- "I don't think women should be pastors!" Some people, even today, use these words as "evidence" that the Holy Spirit has a clear definition and separation of the roles of men and women! There obviously has been a shift from the "traditional" roles, but there are some people in our culture that fight that and continue to believe that women should be silent and submissive! (Obviously, not me!) Paul says the reasoning is simple- God made Adam first- therefore men are superior (v 13). Re: the story of Adam and Eve- it was written by a man! Had Eve been made first- I wonder how different the Bible would be? And it was Eve's fault that sin is on the earth (v 14) because she listened to the serpent! Oh, Eve- how could you do that to us all-powerful men (just kidding!!). The last verse is probably the most difficult in the Bible (that I have come across). One interpretation- if a woman continues in faith, love and holiness- she will be blessed with children. What about faithful but childless women, women of faith who decide not to have babies (nuns, etc), what if a woman dies in childbirth? Some people look at the word "saved" and translate that to salvation- so the only way for a woman to receive salvation is through children? So the role of women is child bearing and the role of men is preaching! Really tough words to interpret. The difficulty continues as we see some denominations and cultures focus on these things. 

OK- let's put the worms back in the can for today!

Enjoy the reading! And enjoy the day- before some well needed rain comes this afternoon.

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

1 Timothy 1

 Another good day yesterday...cool enough to get some work done without melting like we have been the last week! 

Today we start 1 Timothy- a personal letter from Paul to one of his most valuable colleagues, Timothy. It is believed Timothy is in Ephesus and Paul is in Macedonia (after being released from prison in Rome).

Paul introduces himself and gives his credentials "apostle by God's command" (v 1), not for Timothy's notice, but in case anyone from Ephesus is asking who this Paul person is. Ephesus had become quite a center for false teaching and they had moved away from the church. Paul sent Timothy to Ephesus to "clean up the mess" and it would be a tough job. Paul hoped this letter to Timothy would encourage him to continue the work Paul had started in Ephesus. Remember- Timothy was a resident of Lystra (in Galatia); he was the son of a Greek father and Jewish mother (Eunice)- she (and her mother) did much of the teaching of Jewish scriptures to Timothy (as was the expected job of the mom). Notice that Paul greets Timothy with "grace, peace, and mercy" while in letters to the church he just uses "grace and peace" (v 2b). Not sure if that is significant or not!

Paul realizes that the work is hard and encourages Timothy to stay in Ephesus (v 3).  It seems as though Timothy was ready to give up and walk away! Honestly- this happens in ministry often! There were a few times when I was ready to throw in the towel and say forget it! Have you ever been there? Paul reminds Timothy his job is to enforce true doctrine (v 3-4) and not to focus on the mindless business that some people were focused on (family histories and genealogies). One commentary called the family histories "silly distractions" that took away from the importance of the Gospel message that Timothy was trying to teach. With family genealogies comes the question of who is Jewish, who isn't, who should follow the laws, who needs to be circumcised...all those things we have talked about before. And, like we have said, that's not the important part of the message- the message is for all people. 

Paul says that it isn't the outward aspects of the law we should be concerned about- it is the inward feelings of love and peace (v 5). One problem in Ephesus is the Jewish legalism again. A true Christian, follower of God, will have a pure heart, a good conscious, and sincere faith- something the law can't produce. The people teaching the false doctrines didn't even really know what they were saying (vv 6-7). They were almost babbling and just using words to sway people away. If you use enough words and talk long enough- you can convince anyone about anything! We all know people like that- they don't know what they are talking about, but they think they know!

Paul is not against the law, he is against the legalists that like to use the law to trivialize people. The purpose of the law, like we have said before, is to show us our sin, not show us a path to righteousness (vv 8-9).  The law is for the unrighteous and ungodly people to show them their sin. Paul then goes through a brief list of things people do that goes against God (vv 10-11).

There is a shift, and Paul begins to talk about himself here. He tell's Timothy that God through Christ selected Paul and gave him the strength to teach the Gospel message (v 12). Jesus enabled Paul; God equips those that God selects. Paul puts a slave theme to his service- he isn't a volunteer to do the work, Paul is serving God. Paul brings up his past (v 13) and even with all that, God still selected him to minister! God finds good in all people. Do you believe that? No matter what our past is, God will still use us! Paul is saying that he is probably one of the most unworthy people to teach the Gospel- but God selected him, so Timothy- as bad as he is feeling now and as much as he wants to leave Ephesus, is probably more qualified to teach than Paul. Paul is saying God will use you in Ephesus, Timothy!

V 15 is a powerful statement from Paul used several times in his epistles, "Christ came to save the sinners- of which I am the worst." The first qualification to be a child of God, to be saved by Christ, is to be a sinner! How does that make you feel? And if Paul, one of the worst sinners, was given mercy, how much does that show about God's love and mercy for others (v 16). God's work in us is visible to others around us- God wants people to see the actions and results of God's mercy. Paul closes this small set of lines with an outburst of love and thanksgiving for God (v 17). You can feel the gratitude and love Paul has for God!

Paul commands (some translations say "charge" as in a military battle) to continue to pursue the Gospel in Ephesus and "fight the good fight" (v 18). Timothy has a tough job in front of him, a battle of sorts. It wasn't going to be easy, and he needed to face that battle as a warrior ready for battle. Timothy has faith  and a good conscious (v 19), tools needed for the battle. Those who reject Jesus and the Gospel are as good as ruined (shipwrecked). Paul then mentions two people, Hymenaeus and Alexander. We don't know anything about them, other than Paul's mentioning them here. Paul calls them out here, possibly for heresy or disobedience in conduct. Paul excommunicated them (gave them to Satan), the idea is that if you are out of the church, then you have lost the protection of God. Some powerful and hurtful words from Paul! The punishment was removal of protection not an infliction of evil.

So far it looks like Paul is really encouraging Timothy to stay in Ephesus and its going to be a battle! I look forward to see how this turns out!

Enjoy the day and enjoy this different style from Paul!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

1 And 2 Timothy- An Introduction

 These two letters, along with Titus, are the three letters addressed to "pastors" of a church (rather than the entire church) from Paul; one other letter, Philemon, is addressed to an individual- but he is not a pastor or church leader. We credit them to Paul, but they may be written by others.

Timothy is an important "side-kick" of Paul's, and we have heard about him often. Timothy has been sent on frequent missions and he is the co-author of some of Paul's writings (2 Corinthians, Colossians, Thessalonians and Philemon). Paul sees Timothy as a son, an integral part of his life and his ministry. 

1 Timothy focuses primarily in stopping those that teach false doctrine and promote faithful instruction- specifically about the church in Ephesus. The author especially gives praise to Timothy's behavior and ministry as models for Christian living. There is advice on the role of women in the church, how to handle widows, elders, and slaves, and qualifications of church leaders.

2 Timothy focuses on giving thanks to Timothy  and offers words of encouragement to continue in ministry. His call is for Timothy to continue spreading the Gospel message upon Paul's death. One of my favorite passages comes from 2 Timothy 4:6-8, encouraging faith and perseverance, in light of Paul's continuing imprisonment and failing health. Paul clearly mentions his impending death a few times in this letter. This letter is a very personal letter to a dear friend and trusted co-worker.

There is significant controversy as to authorship of these letters. The language and style is different from Paul's typical language and the theology is not what we expect from Paul. When he begins discussing church government, we see that it is too advanced for what the church was during Paul's time. The ideas and proposed ways to combat false teachings don't match what Paul would say. For these reasons, it is difficult to date the letters. Some hypothesize that 1 Timothy was written possibly (by Paul from Macedonia) in the early 50s AD while 2 Timothy (by Paul from prison in Rome) maybe in the early 60s AD

2 Thessalonians 3

 Good morning! What a beautiful weekend- hot but nice. And what a beautiful cool (almost chilly) morning. I have a flannel shirt on its so cold up here! 

Many of you commented about the unsettling words from Paul in the last chapter. The Man of Evil is something to be cognizant of, but if we have faith and hope in Christ, we shouldn't need to worry. What about helping others know the Man of Evil? Another common theme was the pervasiveness of evil in our world. Why does it seem people are more attracted to evil than to good? Or do we just think that? Does evil have more charisma than good? How can we alter that?

This last chapter is a request for prayer and guidance for church life.

Paul consistently asks for prayer from his people. We have talked many times about the power of prayer, and the fact that Paul asks for it means that he too understands the power of prayer. The success of Paul's ministries, and our ministries, are dependent somewhat on the prayers of God's people. Paul's request is that the word of God can spread quickly and be unhindered. How quickly does God's message spread today? Is the message of God still hindered? Paul has a concern for "stubborn and evil people" (v 2, NCV) preventing the spread of the Gospel. Are their still stubborn and evil people that prevent the word? Why are some people so resistant to God's words of grace and hope? Even if not all men have faith, God is still faithful (v 3) and will continue to protect us. God promised that God wold keep Satan "on a leash" (remember the story of Job?!); God will not allow Satan to have complete control of us (Luke 22:31-32). Paul closes this section with prayers of love and patience for the people of Thessalonica- two qualities of spiritual strength and stability.

Now for some strong commands from Paul on instructing the church in purity and strength. Not only a command from Paul, but with authority from Jesus (v 6)- so mighty strong words! Stay away from people that don't conform to the "church" standards of good living and being productive people; avoid persistently disorderly people. The idea here is not to punish the "disorderly" people, but to draw them away from the evil and toward the comfort and fellowship of Christians. Essentially, Paul is saying, if they want to be friends with you- they have to conform to your good ways. You already know how to be good people so they can learn from you (v 7). Does that seem to work? Are people attracted to you because of your goodness?

Paul continues with the example of "apostolic living" and that people should follow that example (vv 7-10). Work hard, don't be a burden to the people you visit, pitch in when you can, support yourself in an honest way. Some people that were against Paul and others said they were in it for their own gain; Paul fought this with doing work when he could to support his own mission. The idleness of some of the Thessalonians has gotten to the point of sin- interfering with others live's (being a busybody, v 11). We know those people- always worried about the person next door, but not caring about themselves. Gossiping and rumor starters. These busybodies that Paul refers to probably thought that Christ's return was coming tomorrow, so why work if we are just going to be caught up in the rapture! Stay active, stay healthy, pursue goodness. Don't grow weary doing good (v 13). You ever get that way? Get tired of doing good all the time? Paul says keep going! Keep doing good! Maybe that is what the words needs- for people to not get tired of doing good! Nothing makes you more weary than to see someone taking "advantage" of your goodness. My dad would always say, nobody can take advantage of you- you let them do it! Paul cautions about that and says to keep doing good work and care for those that need it- not the lazy ones! How does that relate to the culture of today?

Paul goes back to a statement he made earlier (v 6) and emphasizes again the need to not make enemies of the people that don't believe, but to attract them to you in different means (vv 14-15). Keep living your life in the hope of attracting them to you; keep doing what your doing in hopes of them joining you. The purpose of excommunication is not to punish indefinitely, but to bring them back after they have wandered and gone astray! How easy is that to do? Do we always trust people that come back to the church after they have wandered?

Paul closes this letter with blessings of peace (v 16)- very appropriate for the church experiencing persecution and threats to their lives. You can sense the genuine care for the people. Is that care evident in our world today? 

A great ending to this short letter. Tomorrow we continue with Paul's letters, but the next one (1 and 2 Timothy) are written to an individual- so we will notice some differences.  I will post an introduction to 1 and 2 Timothy later today. 

Enjoy the day that we are blessed with.

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

2 Thessalonians 2

 Good morning. Peace and Grace to you this day and all days.

What a great day yesterday...well, almost. Two hour pre-conference meeting was a drag, but the rest of the day was great. Lots of outside time! Another beauty today- no snow like Jack though!

Today's chapter starts our quite rough- but ends with a positive!

Paul addresses the people with the idea that some people are teaching that Christ has returned already (v 2). Either people misinterpreted Paul's first letter or there were people teaching that the rapture had already happened. Can you imagine how they felt as if they were left here on earth after Christ's return?!  How might you feel if people were preaching that the rapture had happened and you didn't make it!? "Obviously (?), the day of Christ's return hasn't happened and Paul will spend some time discussing this.

Paul points to one key piece of evidence that they day of the Lord is here...the turning away from God (v 3). Theologians debate what Paul means exactly- is it that the church and the believers turn away from God or is it a more general worldwide rebellion? I don't think the church would turn away from God, but I could see some movement away from teaching solid Christian principles in some cases. A second point is...the Man of Evil (or some translations say Man of Sin) will be revealed. Theologians again debate exactly what Paul means by this. Some Protestant reformation leaders said that Paul was referencing the corrupt line of popes in Rome! John Calvin (one of the leading reformers) said, "Paul, however, is not speaking of one individual, but of a kingdom that is to be seized by Satan for the purpose of setting up a seat of abomination in the midst of God's temple. This we see in the popery." In contrast, the early church "fathers" see the Antichrist as one individual with great public prominence and charisma that will lead people away from Christ. 

Some scary and harsh thoughts! Can one person or one group have that much power?! Whoever this "Mon of Evil" is, they will demand worship (as God does) and stand against all Christianity and Divine power (v 4)! This individual will even take over the Temple in Jerusalem and reside in the most holy place (where the ark of the covenant is housed- the dwelling place of God). People of the time were somewhat familiar with this concept as the emperor Caligula (late 30 early 40s AD) wanted to erect a statue of himself in the Temple. This person, this "Man of Evil", is truly an evil and wicked person. 

Paul was only with the Thessalonians a short time (v 5), but he taught them the importance of understanding and listening to prophecy. For the current time, Satan and the Man of Evil are being restrained (v 6). However, when the day of the Lord is here, the Holy Spirit will release the Man of Evil (v 6). The Holy Spirit will not leave us, but will allow the evil to be unleashed. When the Man of Evil is allowed to "escape", there won't be new wickedness, as there is already evil here now, but it will intensify (v 7).  The Man of Sin will be revealed; those alive will know who that "man" is. Good news- that man will be destroyed at just the brightness of light coming from Jesus (v 8). 

Satan will control this Man of Evil (v 9) and will be able to do miracles, signs, and wonders- just like Jesus has done, just like some of the disciples have done. Just because someone can do "signs, miracles, or wonders" doesn't mean they are from God- Satan can do them too! However, this deception will take root only in those who do not have faith and are not firm believers in God (v 10). They, the non-believers, are ready for the Antichrist as they seek out deception and evil. They seek out lies and untruths. They embody blasphemy and sin and are looking for their leader. God and Satan will send that leader in the form of the Man of Evil (vv 11-12).

Now a quick change in words and emotions from Paul as he repeats (almost) the words of the greeting- giving thanks to the Thessalonians for their faith and hope (v 13). Paul reminds the Thessalonians that they were chosen by God (v 13) and so they need not worry about the Man of Evil; they were chosen for salvation and sanctification (v 14). Therefore...stand fast (v 15)! Hold on to those virtues of Christianity; don't be moved in this time of persecution; don't be worried about the coming of the Day of the Lord (be ready though); continue to believe in God's glory and promise to believers (v 15). Keep the faith and continue to lead good lives. 

Remember- God is with us always and for ever (vv 16-17). 

What a roller coaster of emotions and feelings today with these words from Paul! Lots of thoughts about the end times. Will we know if it happens in our life time? Are we ready?

One more chapter in this letter and then we read a more personal set of thoughts as we start 1 Timothy- Paul's first letter of encouragement and instruction to his younger colleague. 

Enjoy the weekend and be at peace.

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

2 Thessalonians 1

 Good morning! I hope you all had a great day yesterday! My day was spent in the Catskills doing a bit of walking. My hike ended up being almost 7.5 miles with an elevation gain of 2243'. I hit four of the mountains in the "Black Head Range": Caudal (3320') [Caudal means "tail" and this mountain is the last in the specific range I was hiking], Camel's Hump (3546'), Thomas Cole (3943'), and Black Dome (3980')-- I couldn't get the last one in Blackhead- way too tired! Thomas Cole is capped with a balsam forest (as are many of the high peaks in the Cats)...it smelled like Christmas! Through much of the hike, there was a black swallowtail butterfly that stayed by me; my mom would always say that a butterfly was my dad checking in on me; now the butterfly is both mom and dad, and they did the walk with me!

Now, it is back to work!!

I didn't post an introduction for 2 Thessalonians last night...there isn't much to add from 1 Thessalonians! This second epistle was written soon after (within months) of Paul's writing the first letter; still in Corinth. The Thessalonians must have had a question, as this letter is brief (3 chapters) and focuses on one thing: the "day of the Lord" had not yet happened and the people need to keep growing in faith and "prepare" for the day of salvation- even in the face of persecution.

Paul begins his letter with his typical greeting: who the letter is from, who it is written to, and the prayer if peace and grace to the church. We know that Paul traveled with Timothy and Silas often, so it isn't surprising to see their name here. It is interesting to note that Paul mentions God, and then adds Father and Lord Jesus Christ- symbolizing the unity of these two deities. The Holy Spirit hasn't yet been incorporated into Paul's theology in that sense!

Paul seems to be obligated to praise the church (v 3) by saying "We must always give thanks..." (NCV); there is some thought that locals were spreading rumors that Paul wasn't in favor of the church in Thessalonica, so he felt as if he needed to remind them they are loved. He emphasized that their faith and love for others has increased- even in the face of persecution. When we are persecuted by others (or at least "not liked") does our faith and love grow? The church is used as an example to others and Paul seems to be boasting about them (v 4).

Even with the suffering and persecution they are undergoing, Paul reminds them that God is present (v 5-6). I think we forget that God is present when we struggle. Paul is saying that their struggles are evidence of the presence of God, God's righteous judgement. Paul sees the persecution and troubles like the fires of a refiner...it burns away all the impurities and what is left is pure and precious. The troubles that the Thessalonians are facing leave them pure and holy. Paul assures them that God will take care of those that persecute (vv 6b-7); leave the judging to God and God will judge appropriately. The fires of tribulation will destroy those that persecute and purify those that are sanctified. 

Paul begins to give us an indication of "hell" and what that will look like: lack of knowledge and love for God (vv 8-9). I am troubled by the words "...God will punish those that don't know God..." (v 8a). I struggle with the fact that people that don't know God will be punished; is it their fault they don't know? I guess that points to us for edification! It isn't the fire that makes hell what it is; remember the story from Daniel 3 and the fiery furnace. It is the lack of God and and no presence of Jesus that makes hell what it is! Paul reminds them that they will be blessed and will find comfort in God on the day of Christ's return- because of their belief (v 10). Faith brings salvation.

The Thessalonians were in the midst of persecution; Paul reminds them that they are being prayed for constantly (v 11). We have talked about the power of prayer before, so we know how the Thessalonians feel upon hearing this. God calls and has high expectation for a good and faithful and upstanding life (v 11); God will help you with that calling too!

This first chapter really has an uplifting sense to it. The Thessalonians are being persecuted because of their faith and Paul knows what that is all about. He is trying to tell them that they are strong in faith and that  faith will help them get through this and be ready for judgement day. 

Tomorrow's reading continues with the evil things coming from the "Man of Evil" (NCV). There is a reminder at the end of the chapter that the Thessalonians were chosen for salvation though!

I have a meeting at 9AM, so will respond to comments from the last two days later this morning. Sorry for the delay.

Enjoy the day and know that we are blessed.

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

1 Thessalonians 5

 What a beautiful day yesterday! Summer is here- for now! We have really enjoyed the last few days of outside time!

I am heading to the Catskills this morning, so will respond to yesterday's comments later this afternoon when I get home. My goal is a 7 mile out and back covering three peaks over 3500 feet! Haven't been to the Catskills since last summer and I am missing them!

This is our last chapter in Paul's first letter to the Thessalonians. We will continue with Paul's second letter tomorrow; common thought is that he wrote it a few months after the first letter to respond to some questions they may have had.

This final chapter is about being ready for Christ's return- a follow-up from the last chapter with those that are "sleeping" (the dead) rising when Christ returns and being reunited with Christ prior to the living.

In the first verse, he reinforces the idea that the Thessalonians know about seasons and dates and how to tell time by various signs. But even with that knowledge, nobody knows when Christ will return (v 2). People of the  time were thinking that the return of Christ would be within days. We are now 20 years or so post-resurrection, and the idea of Christ's return is still a topic of conversation. 2000 plus years later we are still asking and wondering when this will be! The unexpected date will surprise the unbelievers when it does happen (v 3) and they cannot then rely on their comfortable living. The phrase "labor pains" (v 3) reminds us that Christ's return is inevitable and unpredictable. It will happen when Christ is ready for it to happen. The concept of labor pains brings the idea of a new birth, a new creation being born. 

Paul expresses his desire for the Thessalonians to continue doing what they are doing and continue being the good Christians he knows they are (vv 4-5). The opposition of light and dark come back into our theology: light equals good and Christians, dark equals bad and nonbelievers. That is a common theme throughout the Bible. Paul cautions us to not be spiritually sleepy (v 6-7); we need to be active, aware, and ready at all times. There is no time for frivolity (both physically and spiritually, v 7). Paul uses symbols of a soldier being ready for battle (v 8) as he did in Ephesians. As a soldier, we need to be sober and watchful- ready to go at any time. Faith and love are equated with the breastplate; the breastplate covers and protects the vital organs just as faith and love are vital for Christians. The helmet of hope symbolizes the thought and mindfulness we should have for God.  A quick reminder from Paul that our salvation comes from trust and belief in Jesus as the resurrected one (vv 9-10). Again, Paul reminds the people to comfort and encourage others with these words (v 11)!

In closing, Paul urges the people to recognize their leaders and give them proper acknowledgment (vv 12- 13). We tend to forget the people that lead us, both spiritually and physically. We are to live together in peace (v 13b). Imagine that world! Keep working so as not to be a burden (v 14) and edify the people with love and grace about Christ and the Gospel message (v 14). Minister to all people, be a model, build up the community. A strong community of faith is difficult to break down. 

The next few verses relate to personal faith and worship; the words sound similar to what we heard in Philippians. Always have joy (v 16); our joy is based in God, not on circumstances. Pray continuously (v 17); pray- communicate with God- all the time, not just when we need something. Always give thanks (v 18); always!

On to communal worship: don't quench the Holy Spirit (v 19). How many times have we had the flames of the Holy Spirit blown out by the naysayers?! Listen to the prophecies (v 20) but test what is being said (v 21). Don't believe everything is true! Just because its on the Internet doesn't make it real! Evil and deception can come up in spiritual situations- so be aware (v 22)!

We belong to God and God alone (v 23); we are set apart, sanctified, as children of God. Paul still needs prayers for himself and his group (v 24). All pastors and teachers need that!

What a great ending and a great reminder for us all that we are God's! 

I will post an introduction to 2 Thessalonians later today after I respond to comments. 

Enjoy the day before us!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

Always give thanks (v 17).  P

1 Thessalonians 4

 Good morning! Beautiful day yesterday! I hope you all had a chance to get out and enjoy the warmth of the sun...and the pollen!

Below are two links to timelines of Paul's journeys. 

Chronology of Paul- this is a link to "Understand Christianity.com" and is a reliable source. It has links to Paul's missionary journeys so you can investigate them in more detail. It list the chronology of his epistles- note that this source has Galatians as his first letter. About half the sources have Galatians as the first, and the other half say 1 Thessalonians is the first!

PDF text- J Paul Tanner- this link goes to an extensive PDF article by J Paul Tanner- theologian, Bible study author, and well known professor of Hebrew studies. 

I hope these help to organize Paul's journeys some!

On to today's reading!!

Paul begins with adding more praise and thanksgiving to the Thessalonica church. Many of you brought that up in your comments from yesterday. There seems to be a very special bond between Paul and this church- possibly because it was one of his first church starts? He urges the people to continue living a godly and righteous life. He reminds them that their walk of faith is not for them but to please God (v 1). Something that we may forget at times! Paul also reminds the Thessalonians that what they were taught came directly from Jesus (v 2) and were not man-made rules- giving those instructions more authority and power. 

Then Paul hits them with the first negative comment- be sexually pure (v 3). The culture of the world at the time was marked with sexual impurity and immorality. I am sure we have all heard stories of ancient Rome and their sexuality. I took a class in college called "The Roman Experience" (long story about why I took it!); yikes! were my eyes opened about Rome!! Paul emphasizes that Christians are to raise their sexual purity and chastity to a higher level and be a model for others. The ancient author Demosthenes said, "We keep prostitutes for pleasure; we keep mistresses for the day to day needs of the body; we keep wives for the faithful guardianship of our homes" Part of the sanctification that Paul teaches is the sanctity of our bodies and sexuality. We are to be set aside from others and this includes the aspect of sexuality. 

God called us to be pure and holy (v 7), and we will be punished rightly (v 6b) if we disobey those commands from God. Refusing to be sexually pure not only hurts the humans involved, but also hurts and rejects God (v 8). Paul talks much about sexuality and the sanctity of our bodies in many chapters of his letters. Is the world any different today?

Paul gives positive accolades with the love for family that the Thessalonians have (v 9). These principles are so basic that Paul thinks they are obvious to the Thessalonians. They seem to love all people, but Paul encourages them to love more (v 10)! How can we increase our love for others?

The next point Paul brigs up is something we should all strive for- a more quiet and peaceful life (v 11)! A quiet life allows us to focus on God. When we are bombarded by TV, radio, social media, etc... our minds get clouded and we loose sight of God and the importance of God in our lives. Take time for ourselves to reflect and think. One of the reasons I so love hiking is that I am alone for several hours with my own thoughts and the quietness of the forest (and the extreme pounding of my heart!). On the downside- sometimes that quietness can be dangerous too as our mind think about us!

Mind your own business (v 11b)! It is in the Bible!! We have too much going on in our lives that we don't need to be meddling in the lives of others! There is certainly a difference between the Christian duty of putting others first and showing compassion and love for others and the meddling and interfering in the lives of others! Keep busy and don't expect life to be easy (v 11c). What's the adage..."Idle hands are he devil's workshop!" It is easy to fall into the trap of not doing anything and being lazy- Paul's caution here is to keep busy and keep working. The combination of love for neighbor and good work ethics will be a model for others (v 12).

Paul finally addresses one of the big questions that the Thessalonians had- what about the people who have died? It has been several weeks since Paul visited Thessalonica the first time; he taught them about the return of Christ. Like Paul and many others- they thought the return of Christ would be...tomorrow, or at least maybe next week. The Thessalonians were troubled about the people that have died that would miss Christ's return (v 13).  Many translations use the word "sleep" for death of believers; sleep was equated with rest, waiting  and resting for Christ's return. The word cemetery comes from the Greek koimeterion and the Latin coemeterium meaning "sleeping place" or "dormitory." If we believe in the resurrection of Christ through God, then we can believe in the awakening of the dead when Christ returns (v 14).  The living have no advantage over the dead when it comes to Christ's return (v 15). Paul believes that God/Jesus will come, in person, with shouts and trumpet calls to announce the coming (v 16). Paul assures the Thessalonians (and us) that the dead are merely "sleeping" and resting until Christ comes when they will be awakened- before the living are called to Christ (v 16). Once the dead have been raised up, the living will follow (v 17). Paul is very honest and very straightforward with his words here!

I love the closing verse (v 18) of this chapter, "Encourage each other with these words" (NCV). I know Paul is talking about the raising of the dead at Christ's coming, but I'd like to expand it to all of our Holy texts- encourage people. Don't beat them down, don't ridicule, don't humiliate-- encourage!

We will finish 1 Thessalonians tomorrow with "instructions" on how to be ready for Christ's coming! We will then move on to 2 Thessalonians. 

I am planning on hitting a few Catskill high peaks tomorrow, but I hope to get my comments for chapter 5 out in the morning like I usually do. Looks like a great day for a 9 mile mountain hike!

Enjoy the day today and soak in the sunshine and heat!

Shalom+
Pastor paul

1 Thessalonians 3

 What a great weekend! Saturday was busy with helping a friend shear sheep (my back is killing me!). My niece came down for a visit with two of her friends and she spent the night (the other two went home). Of course, Sunday was church day and then our annual road clean up!

Road Clean up Crew!!

We are starting with 2:17 this morning, as this seemed to fit better with chapter 3 than with chapter 2. I'm not sure who or how these chapter divisions are made?!

Paul expresses his desire to meet with the Thessalonians again (2: 17) but mentions how tough it has been, even blaming the hindrance on Satan (2:18). Remember, most the of the Thessalonians were Gentile converts, and Paul says nothing more about Satan; he must have taught them about Satan and spiritual warfare at his initial visit. Even in the infancy of the church movement, Satan was actively trying to shut it down. How active is Satan in the church movement today?

We can see the real love and joy Paul has from this church (2:19-20). Paul has many "crowns of victory" with all the church starts he produced!

Paul realized he couldn't visit Thessalonica himself, so he did the next best thing- send Timothy (3:1)! Timothy was probably as instrumental in church growth as was Paul. He was a long time companion of Paul and was often sent on side mission trips to visit places that Paul couldn't get to. An important message here is that church work can't (and shouldn't) be done by one person...there needs t be a team of committed and similar minded people working together. How does that stand in your church?

In verse 2b, some translations (not the NCV, the one I use) say "Timothy, our brother and minister of God"..." Note that there was no official title of "minster" in the church; the word minister means someone who offers a service to another; our title "Minister" does come from this word.  Paul sent Timothy to encourage and strengthen the church (v 2c), not to inspect it for problems! That's why Paul says "none of you should be upset..." in the next verse. Paul knows that the church is experiencing problems, both on a spiritual level and a physical level, and Timothy is being sent to help them through these problems and assures them that God is in control (v 3c). It is expected that Christians wold face difficulties at the hands of others (v 4) and that there would be persecution and troubles. How do we handle those troubles? Do we remember God is present with us? Paul seems really upset that he couldn't be with the Thessalonians (v 5). Recognizing the troubles that the Thessalonians were facing, and knowing that the troubles were from Satan, Paul didn't want their faith to waver and fall apart. Remember Job and his trials! Paul send Timothy as a confidence builder. Do churches do that today? When they see someone (or the entire congregation) struggling, do they send someone to encourage?

Timothy had visited and has returned and Paul writes of the positives that he heard from Timothy (v 6): faith and love. Two definite Godly traits! These positive reports of the Thessalonian church are enough to loft up Paul in his troubles that he is facing in Corinth (v 7). The reports gave Paul a renewed strength and freshness. A real boost to a pastor's emotions is to see their people doing well. When they do well- the pastor does well; when they struggle, the pastor struggles. Think of that!

Even though Paul heard good news from the Thessalonians, he still has a desire and passion to meet wit them (v 10) and prays continually to God that they visit can happen.  However, Paul does add in at the end, with all the joy and happiness, that they are still lacking in faith in some aspects (v 10b). We aren't quite sure of what is missing at this point, but it seems like a face to face preaching engagement would be appropriate!

Pal ends this chapter with a "prayer" for the visit to happen. Paul addresses "God- Father and Jesus, our Lord" (v 11)- unification of the Godhead, two deities united as one. The church was not a loveless church (v 12), but it seems as though they need to work on it. Love is an essential and critical mark of a Christian.  How does your church do with love of others? There seems to be an emphasis on love of all people; it is easy to love those that are like you, but the love of God transcends all that we know. A real expression of true love is loving those that are not like us. Can you do that? Does your church do that?

Great words from Paul! Things that we can all learn from!

Enjoy the day! Going to be a beautiful one!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

1 Thessalonians 2

 Good morning again. What a great beautiful day yesterday! And today looks to be a good one too! I hope you all get to enjoy it!

I feel your sense of confusion and wonder as to the dates and timings of Paul's church starts and writings. I will try and find a good source this weekend to help keep us on track. As I look at the readings- I should have rearranged them to be in chronological order. That may have helped some, but I am just following the reading plan that we are using Next time!

The first chapter was full of gratitude and thanksgiving for the people of Thessalonica. It seems like these people and the church have a special place in Paul's heart. The second chapter we will read today focuses on Paul and his sincerity in the work he is doing (and has done). I am going to end at v 16 since vv 17-20 seem to go better with chapter 3 (Paul's desire to visit Thessalonica again). I'm not sure how or who devised these chapter breaks!

Paul begins on defense. There were many "anti- Christians" in Thessalonica that ran Paul out of town when he visited, saying he was a false prophet and self-serving, looking to make a quick buck and then leave town for the next one. After he left, the rumors and attacks on his ministry continued.the church believed and trusted him, but the outsiders didn't. How is that true for us and our churches? Are there "haters" that try to discredited the church? Paul reminds them that they suffered in Philippi (v 2a); if he was in it for himself- he probably would have given up at that point! Beatings and persecution and humiliation can really weaken a person's soul and mind- so for Paul to continue time and time again, he was definitely not self-serving! Despite what people said about him, it was God that gave them the strength to continue (v 2b). The purity and integrity of Paul's message from church to church is witness to his ministry and passion (v 3). Thessalonica, like we said before, was a major city with many religions represented; many of those religions had "missionaries" that would beg, borrow, and steal what hey could so that they could survive. People were weary of any new missionary that came to town. Paul knew that what he said may offend some people, but it was a God inspired message (v 4). Paul didn't tailor the message to soften it or trivialize the doctrine that he proposed. Paul didn't sugar coat things so people would accept the message that he was preaching; Paul said what God needed Paul to say (v 5). Paul's desire was approval from God; he wasn't looking for human praise, money, advancement, political office- anything like that (v 6).

Paul reminds them of the time they spent together and that he appreciated the help he was given (vv 8-9). Paul also reminds them that they worked hard while they were there, trying to support themselves, so that they were not a burden for the people of Thessalonica. Many of the false missionaries would come in a just take and take and not return anything. Paul was conscious of doing work with and for the communities he visited; he never wanted o be seen and known as a burden for the town. He would accept monetary donations, but these were often used for missionary work in other places. He tried to earn enough money while he was someplace to cover his stay.

Paul freely offers up his lifestyle when he was there (vv 10-12). He is basically saying, "Look at when we were here with you. We were models of good behavior and hard work." How many people would offer up their life as an example of goodness? Paul is comfortable with people examining his life and using him as a model; he also brings this up in Corinthians and Philippians. 

Paul's belief is that God speaks directly to people (v 13) and that the people of Thessalonica heard this voice. That is why they so readily accepted Paul and his message. Paul believed in a voice that speaks to humanity with the authority of eternity and is above human opinion. These words really have a positive  affect on those who believe. There is power in Gods word to changes people's lives.

When the Thessalonians responded to the Gospel message, they became targets of persecution (vv 14-15). No surprise there! Paul reminds them that they are not alone- many others have been persecuted for believing in Jesus. The word "churches" comes up in v 14...I think this is the first time I have sen Paul use this word?! See my response to Cindy from her question yesterday about the origin of the word "church" Paul goes on to remind the Thessalonians that even Jesus was persecuted and suffered, so they are suffering as Christ suffered. Paul assures the people that those that persecute will be judged by God and that they (the Thessalonians) have nothing to worry about. Paul encourages them to not react with hostility and anger (like we often do when we are "persecuted"). 

More words of encouragement for the people of Thessalonica. Words that are important for us too!

We will finish 2:17-20 with chapter 3 as they seem to fit better with that. 

Have a great weekend. Enjoy the beauty that we are being blessed with!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

1 Thessalonians 1

 Good morning! Great day yesterday- beautiful sun shine, but cool. Got some gardening done and a special package came in the mail!

"Winner, Winner, Chicken Dinner!"

My barn is getting full! And I am happy!

This morning we begin 1 Thessalonians. Like I said in the introduction, this text is probably one of the first (Galatians  and James may predate this by a few years) pieces of Christian theological literature we have (preserved anyway). It is believed to be have written maybe 20 years post- resurrection. So, the church was established- and flourishing- and then Paul wrote this letter within 20 years of Christ's death and resurrection. I am sure there will still many questions and comments about "those followers of the Way"!

Paul did a great amount of work, and he tried to have travel companions (v 1) often as he could (somewhat for protection from threats and somewhat to back up his claims). Timothy was a frequent companion and we hear about him quite a bit. Silas (AKA Silvanus) traveled with Paul during his second missionary trip. The Roman translation ("Silvanus") means "the forest" [silvaculture is the field of biology concerned with the culture, growth and management of forests]; Silas is likely the Greek variation of the name. Timothy is from the city of Lystra in the province of Galatia. His father was Greek and his mother was Jewish. Paul likely founded the church in Thessalonica during his second missionary trip, but left quickly due to threats by opponents of the Gospel (Acts 17:2). Paul is currently on Corinth, think about his church plants.

Paul reminds the church that he is praying for them (v 2) and thanks them for their commitment and faith in God (v 3). He brings out the three Christian virtues: faith, hope, and love. Paul brings up the concept of "election" as God chose them (v 4).  When we are loved- we are chosen. The phrase "beloved by God" was usually reserved by the Jews for the great Jewish patriarchs: Moses, Solomon, David; Paul now extends this to the Gentiles of Thessalonica. 

Paul and his company lived and modeled a Christian life (v 5) and the Thessalonians accepted that lifestyle (v 6)- evidence that the Gospel has the power to change lives. Paul seems to take some pride in this church, showing them how to live and witnessing the changes in their lifestyles. They then were the models of faith for the surrounding areas: Macedonia and Achaia (v 7). True discipleship- modeling a good and righteous life so that others want to be like you! Something that we should be doing- not sure how successful that is in current times!

This church became quite a great model as the news about them spread "everywhere" (v 8). Some translations say, "The word of the Lord sounded forth from you..." Imagine- the word of God coming from you so as to positively impact your neighbors! The church in Thessalonica became known across the "world". How far away is your church "known"? Thessalonica was a major commercial hub- several "highways" passed through the city and there was a great natural harbor on the sea, so many people traveled through the city and could be impacted by the Gospel. Preaching is good to help convert people, but modeling the life and showing by example are more powerful. I have mentioned several times in messages, "Live your life so that people stop and ask you why you do what you do." This is what the Thessalonians have done (v 9).  People ask, "Why have they broken their idols? Who is this God they worship- and it is only one God?!" The people turned from having their gods serve them to serving the one true God (v 9). Quite a turning of the tables!

Paul ends with the whole point of belief in Jesus, salvation (v 10). When we believe in Jesus- we are saved from something- the righteous wrath and anger of God.

We can sense the joy and "pride" that Paul has for the church and people of Thessalonica. I look forward to hearing more from Paul!

Have a great day- looks like it is going to be beautiful!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

1 Thessalonians= An Introduction

Most New Testament scholars believe this is the first letter that Paul ever wrote; it is at least the oldest letter that we have preserved. If this is true- then it is the oldest canonized piece of New Testament literature, written approximately 49- 50AD (15 to 20 years post-crucifixion/ resurrection), probably from Corinth. Reminder- Paul was "converted" around 34-35 AD. Like the letter to the Romans that we just finished, Paul likely wrote this from Corinth. He had just left Thessalonica a few months ago on his second missionary journey. The fact that there is a Christian church in a major city 15 to 20 years after Jesus's crucifixion and resurrection is an amazing fact in itself!

Current day Greece was originally two different provinces: Macedonia in the north and Achaia in the south. Thessalonica and Philippi were in Macedonia and Athens and Corinth were in Achaia. See map below.

Map of Paul's Second Missionary journey

Paul and Timothy were forced to leave Thessalonica during their first visit (48- 50 AD)  by some "opponents of the Gospel"; Timothy returned a while later and this letter is in response to the information that Timothy provided from the visit. We learned, in Acts 17, that Paul preached in the Jewish synagogue while in Thessalonica, but the letter we will read puts out a different and broader picture of Paul's ministry in the city.

Thessalonica was the capitol city of Macedonia and probably one of the most important cities in the area. It was located at the crossroads of four major "highways" and had the best natural harbor on the norther Aegean Sea. Population approximately 100,000 during the time of Paul! Many different religious groups called Thessalonica home; there were found multiple shrines and temples for god like Isis, Osiris, Serapis,, and Cabirus.

Current day Thessaloniki
(spelling has changed since Biblical times)

Paul encourages their faithfulness, reminds them that their suffering at the hands of the Gentiles is similar to the suffering Jewish Christians endured from other Jews, and appreciates their steadfastness. Then, Paul "reminds" them to be pure and holy (sexually), live quiet and pure lives evidenced by mutual love and respect for neighbors, and behavior favorably to outsiders.

A big part of the letter is a topic that really bothered the church- what happens to those believers that have died. He assures them that the dead will not miss out on Christ's second coming and that the dead will "rise up to meet Christ in the air, and then the believers who are alive will be caught up in the air too" (4:13-18). The assurance is that both the living and the dead will have salvation. 

Theologians appreciate Paul's discussion of eschatology (end times) in this letter, as well as ideas/concepts of election, predestination, the word of God, sanctification and the spread of the Gospel.

The letter following, 2 Thessalonians, has many of the same thoughts with some interesting twists!

Romans 16

 Busy day yesterday- sheep shearing day! Yahoo!! Now the aches and pains are creeping in my muscles and joints from all the activity! Five sheep in about 2 hours- not too bad. They don't have professional cuts, but they will be cooler this summer! What excitement did you have?!

This is the final chapter in Romans. This is odd for Paul, as he usually does these types of greetings as an introduction to the letter. In this final chapter, Paul lists many people that have helped him or are good for guidance. Some of the names we will now, some will be new to us. 

It is interesting that the first person Paul mentions is a woman (v 1). Paul tends to look at women in a negative light, but he "highly recommends" Phoebe to the Romans. The commendation from Paul is important- there were many "false prophets" that were looking to make a quick buck; Phoebe's backing from Paul adds credibility to her ministry. "Phoebe" is the feminine form of the pagan god  Apollo and it means "bright one." Christians, upon their conversion, didn't see a need for a name change (as opposed to Jews- that would often change their name with major life changes)- even if there was some pagan significance to it.

We met Priscilla and Aquila (v 3)  in Acts 18. They seem to be instrumental in the spread of Christianity to the Gentiles, even by having a church in their home (v 5). This was a common occurrence- small congregations would meet in homes of people, each having their own "pastor." Many Methodist (and probably other denominations) started churches in this manner. The Park terrace UMC church started in the basement of the home across the street!

Epenetus (v 5b)- seems to be one of the first converts in Achaia (Corinth area); Paul uses the term "dear friend" or "beloved friend"; this person must have been very important and close to Paul as he doesn't use the terms of endearment very often!

Mary (v 6) must have done lots of leg work for the Roman church; there is some thought that it may be Mary, the mother of John Mark- but no consensus; there seems to be no other information about her.

Andronicus and Junia (v 7)- Jews (my relatives) that are in prison for the sake of the gospel; converted to Christianity before Paul did (thoughts are within 3 or 4 years after the first "Christian" Pentecost in Acts 2); this may be a husband/wife team or possibly brother/sister team, maybe even father/daughter

Ampliatus (v 8)- thought to be one of the "seventy disciples" by the Eastern Orthodox church; may have been bishop of Odessos (Bulgaria)

Urbanus and Stachys (v 9)- I couldn't find much other that they helped with the Roman church

Apelles (v 10)- not much is known other than he suffered for the Gospel ("tested and proved")

Aristobulus family (v 10)- interesting the household is greeted, but not the man; maybe he didn't convert to Christianity yet-(but others in his home did?) however some say that he may have been one of the 70 apostles and may have even preached in Britain

Herodion (v 11)- one of the original 70 disciples; believed to be the Bishop of Patras (Greek city); beaten, stoned, and stabbed, he was left for dead; "arose" eventually to be beheaded

Narcissus' family (v 11)- Narcissus was a freedman of Claudius that died a few years prior to this letter; this may be his family

Tryphena and Tryphosa (v 12)- sisters; their names mean luxurious and delicate (obviously their parents had ideal thoughts about their children!)

Persis (v 12)- another woman that was helpful for the Roman church

Rufus (v 13)- possibly the son of Simon of Cyrene (Mark 15:21) who has some influence among the Romans

The list continues (vv 14- 15)- but not much s known about why Paul included them. Some points to consider- the number of women Paul listed is significant. As I mentioned earlier, Paul tends to have a negative outlook on women, but he does credit them when they do work for the church. Paul seems to be genuine and generous with paying compliments to the people that have helped the Roman church. It is amazing the number of people he lists, having never been to Rome! Kisses (v 16) were common greetings in the early church. However, Clement of Alexandria cautions that the kiss may be like "spiders biting the lip's" and we are to "avoid the poison of licentiousness" by kissing with a "chaste and closed mouth." (Church Life Journal, University of Notre Dame, Feb 15, 2021)! Another point to emphasize and take note of...the church was started by regular people, people like you and me, people that had a love for God and the message of hope and peace. The church was not started by theologians or "Bible- thumpers"; I think we (others) may forget that! There are 24 names listed in these short paragraphs; at least 13 of these name come up in official documents of the Roman Emperor- possibly indicating that many people of the Emperors servants were Christians.

Paul warns the faithful to watch out for the false prophets and those that want to cause disruption among the Christians (vv 17- 19). Those evil forces are present and looking to cause division and disruption (not too uncommon today) and they will do it with smooth talk ("fancy talk and smooth words") and being nice. They may seem like they are for the noble cause but in fact are selfish and looking to gain control for their benefit. God will crush Satan (v 20) but Satan will be under the feet of people. 

Paul ends with greetings from the people with him (remember he is in Corinth writing this letter). Of course, Timothy comes first (v 21) as he is one of Paul's closest and most trusted friends and associates. Tertius (v 22) was the scribe. This was common for Paul- he would dictate and someone would write (remember, Paul probably had poor vision, so writing may have been difficult). The naming of the scribe is unusual, typically they were not mentioned. Gaius (v 23) showed great hospitality to Paul and Timothy, so much so that Paul declares "the whole church" was hosted by him!

With all that the Romans are going through (life is ok now, but persecution is starting), Paul closes with commending God that will give you strength. That same greeting holds for us too. With all that we, as individuals and as churches are struggling through- remember the strength God provides us...if we let God! The "mystery" or "secret"  (v 25c) Paul talks about is the salvation offered through Christ. It was secret or a mystery, especially for the Jews, for so long, even though prophets and signs showed it. Now, everyone across the world (v 26) can know that mystery!

Amen!

Great ending with all the people that were instrumental in the church. Think back on your faith development and the number of people that were involved in that!

Tomorrow we start 1 Thessalonians; I will post an introduction later today. 

Enjoy the sunshine again!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

Romans 15

 Good morning- lots of great discussion from yesterday! Thanks! Must have struck a chord with us! well, of course, we are good people- so judging others would be something we don't do- but we now people who do! (just kidding!). But, honestly, great thoughts and conversation! Thanks!

There is some irony in all of this though- Paul, in his former life, was harshly judging the Christians- to the point of death! We sometimes need to reflect on that and remember that change is possible with an intimate relationship with God/Jesus/ Holy Spirit. A comment that came up often from you all yesterday- "I need to try..." John Wesley was a huge proponent of "striving for perfection" with the caveat that we will never get there in our earthly life. Yes, continue to struggle and continue to strive for perfection. 

Paul begins this chapter with some great words (vv 1-2), "Help your neighbors". Hmmm...haven't we heard a similar statement before?! If we are string in faith, rather than call out and condemn and judge, help your neighbor gain strength. I know this goes against all of society where we are told "look out for #1- yourself" but Paul points out that helping others and lifting them up actually helps you and lifts you up too! A big role is edification of our neighbors- in a non-condescending way. This will help build their faith. It goes back to the story of the Ethiopian eunuch that I have mentioned a few times (and also from Paul's comments): "How can I know unless someone teaches me?"

Paul brings up Jesus as the prime example of this (vv 3-4), putting others first. Jesus' entire ministry was about lifting people up: the tax collectors, the prostitutes, the lepers, "them", "those people" were all central parts of Jesus' ministry. As Jesus did these things, he pointed directly at God and it was for the glory of God. What a model to strive for!

Paul's prayer (vv 5-6) is for the Romans to be patient (God doesn't always work on our terms) and encourage each other to become unified and work together. A simple yet profound prayer- that we may all work together- be unified- be one in Spirit. We are to look at each other, as different as we are, and find Christ in each person we see (v 7). Instead of seeing Gentile or Jew, servant or free, black or white, gay or straight, we should receive and accept others as Christ accepted us! Paul then quotes several scriptures from the Hebrew texts (vv 9-12) showing God's intentions of accepting the Gentiles. "Proof" for the Jews that the Gentiles were always part of the plan!

There is now a change in Paul's writing as he turns to himself and his reasons for writing the Romans. It is unusual for Paul to put these comments at the end of a letter; in many of his epistles, he usually starts with, "I am writing to you today to remind you of..." It seems like Paul is writing as agreement with much of what the Romans are doing (v 14), encouraging them to continue. He reminds the Romans that he (Paul) was called to be a preacher to the Gentiles (v 16) and that they were accepted by God. His calling was also not one of just preaching salvation, but also for instructing on how to be a good Christians and live a good life. 

My translation (New Century Version, NCV) uses the word "proud" in v 17, "So I am proud of what I have done..." Other translations use the word "glory", "I have reason to glory in Christ..." Being proud is one of those words that I sometimes struggle with. We are told to be humble, and I think Paul is saying he is humbled by the work he has done for the glory of God. His focus is on the Gentiles and he knows that he has probably done other good works, but isn't going to draw attention to them (v 18). We certainly now people that like to draw attention to the work they do...for their recognition. It is interesting that Paul added in "signs and miracles" (v 19); would the Gentiles have believed if Paul only preached? Did they need the signs and the miracles to help in their unbelief? His ministry reached from Jerusalem to Illyricum (modern day Yugoslavia area). Paul mentioned that he liked to go to new areas (v 20)- not that building on other's foundations was bad or wrong, but that there was so much work to do, why should he duplicate what's already been done.

Paul closes this chapter with a desire and plan to see Rome. His trip to Rome (v 22) was "hindered" or "stopped" because of his desire to preach to the new and open frontiers. The church was already established in Rome, and like he said in the last few verses, I don't want to duplicate others' work- there is so much to do. He does plan to visit Rome on his way to Spain though (v 24). Pal was likely planning to use Rome as a home base for his "westward expansion" as Antioch was his home base for the eastern portions of his missionary trips. Reminder- he did get to Rome, but not as a missionary, he was there as prisoner!

Paul is currently in Jerusalem dropping off a monetary donation from the churches in Macedonia and Greece (v 26). Paul comments that the Gentiles received so much spiritual guidance from the Jewish Christians in Jerusalem that they "owe" them, it was right for them to give the donation (v 27). Not sure if I agree that they "owed" them for helping, but I get what Paul is saying. 

Paul is sensing danger in Jerusalem (remember some of the warnings in Acts) and is asking for prayers (vv 30- 31). Paul is asking for a unified front of prayer. We have talked several times about how we feel when we know people are praying for us. We sometimes forget, but ministers need the prayers of their flocks! We need the spiritual help! Paul is determined to make it to Rome (v 32)!

I guess the prayers were answered. Paul does make it to Rome- although on defense of his life, not for preaching the Gospel (although that does happen!).

He ends the letter (v 33) with Amen! But then goes on with his greeting in the next chapter- again very odd for Paul!

Great chapter! I hope you like it. We will finish Romans tomorrow and then start Thessalonians on Thursday. I will post an introduction to Thessalonians tomorrow.

Enjoy the beautiful (but cool) sun-shine day!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

 

Romans 14

 Good morning and welcome back to our readings for the week! Good but busy weekend...clean-up day at LM and then we got a new barn occupant...Jerome the Jersey!

This is Jerome!

Three more chapters in Romans and then we move to Thessalonians- two short books. Keep up the good work and the questions., thoughts, and  comments have been great!

I really like Paul's comment in the first verse,  "Accept into your group those who are weak in faith..." and he continues that we should do it not for debating and arguing the case of faith with them , but to help instruct them. We were all once, "weak in faith" and it was the grace of others that taught us how to be Christians. How many times have we had an opportunity to teach someone about faith, and lost that opportunity? As an example of teaching about faith, Paul brings up a dietary situation. Paul suggests that some people refuse to eat meat for possible spiritual reasons (maybe the meat was used as a sacrifice to a pagan god? or maybe the meat wasn't kosher?). This may not be a big issue for us today, but this was a huge division among the early believers! Paul was saying. just because some Christians saw nothing wrong with the meat, and others did- don't argue about it! The concept Paul is talking about its seeing two different sides of a coin. One person believes one thing, another believes the opposite. Talk about it, try to discuss and know why the beliefs exist. Stop judging others (v 4) is the overall message here, something that Paul has talked much about! There were (and still continue to be) divisions between Christians because of small, trivial, senseless, possibly bigoted things. There are bigger issues we need to worry about! Paul talks about observing specific days (vv 5-6), extending his meat/vegetable discussion to a broader sense. It's not just dietary requirements alone, just stop judging! People should be held to their own conscious and keep focus on the Lord when we do something and believe strongly in something. Paul is working on unifying people rather than dividing people. Like I mentioned before, we have more to worry about than who eats the sacrifice or who comes to church on a  particular day!

We are all connected together- beginning at birth (vv 7-9). Paul reminds the  Roman Christians (and us) that no person is an island; we are so intimately interwoven that what one person does affects the entire community. I am currently reading The Hidden Life of Trees (Peter Wohlleben). In one section, he was talking about how trees are interconnected with each other through their roots and certain species (he used beech trees) will shuttle nutrients to weaker trees so they can survive better. That's like us; we are intimately connected such that we should be helping others survive! Additionally, Paul reminds us that we are also intimately connected to God, from our birth, and all that we do should be focused on God and for the glory and honor of God. I think that people sometimes do things because they want the attention and glory for themselves!

So, as we have said several times in our discussions and Paul suggests to us now, why do we judge (vv 10-12)? We will all be judged by God eventually too! Strict, rule following Christians found it easy to judge others; so do we. There isn't a day that goes by where someone doesn't say something about the actions of others! We mention "those people" (sometimes calling them out by name), thinking we are so much better (well, not us of course, we're good people!) Interesting side note: (some translations have) "the judgement seat of God" (v 11c; my translation says "we will all stand before God to be judged...). The judgement seat is a reference to the bema seat, the judges seat at the Olympic games. The first, second, and third place winners of each game would come before the judge on his bema seat, and receive their crowns for winning.  References to " a crown of victory" come up several times in the New Testament.

Paul (v 13) summarizes these last verses by saying (essentially), "STOP!" He goes on to say that in our judging, we may even cause someone to sin- by beating them down and chastising them so much, they may turn away and be lost.

Paul talks more about the ways we can cause others to stumble in their faith. He brings up the eating issue again (a big controversy in the early church), essentially saying- what does it matter (v 14)!? Paul knew there was nothing intrinsically wrong with non-kosher food, but why ruin someone's faith by arguing about it! There is nothing intrinsically wrong with wearing jeans to worship- so why ruin someone's faith about arguing over it? There is nothing intrinsically wrong with kids having goldfish (crackers) in the sanctuary, so why ruin someone's faith by arguing about it! You get the idea! Walk in love! We shouldn't be destroying people's faith- we should be building it up! Using our faith to destroy someone else's could be looked at as evil (v 16). We should be working at building up people's faith and belief (v 19). Paul concludes with the idea of keeping things in faith. If we are faithful and are committed to God, we should not condemn others or cause them to lose faith. We are not at liberty to cause others to stumble, to offend, or to weaken others. We need to unify. 

Short, but interesting chapter- again with a big ficus on dietary issues. Remember- the Jews had strict dietary laws, and the Gentiles essentially no dietary laws. As the Gentiles converted to Christianity- the Jews were quick to judge for their eating behaviors. Like I said earlier- it isn't so much about dietary laws for us in contemporary times, but we have our "things" that we are quick to judge about- that aren't really issues!

Paul spends some more time talking about being a good neighbor in the next chapter and then he turns to his work and his missionary travels. 

Enjoy the reading today and I hope you find it worthwhile.

Shalom+
Pastor Paul

Romans 13

Good morning! Another late start for me. Sherri has off today and it was the community garage sale on Marshland Road. I went for damage control! Joseph will be spending the summer with us (and Lauren and Chris, too), so we had to get some things. Emphasis on the words "HAD TO"water table, sand box, slide, kid size tricycle, books, kid pool! It is going to be a fun summer!! Then breakfast at Sugar Maple Cafe! Our fist food at an establishment on well over a year! Strange! Great food- highly recommend if you haven't been there!

Great conversation from yesterday's reading. A big topic of discussion was spiritual gifts. I found a spiritual gifts inventory from the UMC. I am going to do this later today. It might be interesting if we all do it and see what our gifts are. It is a series of 80 questions, so will take some time. The website is Spiritual Gifts Inventory and will open in a new window.

Yesterday's reading ended with how we are to strive for a Christian life and our interactions with other people. Today Paul turns to the government for a few paragraphs and then turns to our "neighbors". It is some interesting reading! Paul touches on several very political topics that I am sure can be very controversial- so let's try to be considerate of others in our responses!

Paul begins with our obligation to the government (vv 1-2). Paul says we are to obey the government, because the rulers are put there by God. This goes against some of the very zealous Jews who did not recognize any king other than God. Paul says that God appoints a nation's leaders. Remember, Paul is writing this during the time of the Roman empire, one of the more hostile empires we know of, no special privileges for Christians, quite a bit of persecution. Also, remember that on all three synoptic Gospels, we hear Jesus say "Render unto Caesar what is Caesar's, render unto God what is God's." Without trying to sound too political-- I question how far we have come from the idea that God appoints the nation's leaders.

Paul's idea is that Christians should be model citizens (vv 3-4). A Christian's loyalty is to God and country; they are honest and fair, pay their taxes, do what is right, and pray for their leaders daily. That defines all of us- right? There is a continuation that the leaders should remember that they are God's servants (some translations say "ministers of God"), they are not gods themselves. In early Roman/Greek times, the rulers often looked at themselves as actual gods. Keep in mind, Paul says, that the nation has the right to punish if you are wrong! The government has the power to help God control sin in people. 

Emphasizing taxation (vv 6-7), Paul says we are to pay what we owe. If the nation is doing God's work, then we are supporting God while paying taxes. In the same context, the taxes gathered by the government are to restrain evil, promote a good society and not line the pockets of the leaders! While giving the state honor, money, and reverence, we should be reminded to give God what is rightfully God's too!

Turning to our neighbors, I love this next statement from Paul. The only thing we should owe another is love (vv 8-10). Imagine if that were true! The only "debt" we are to carry is the debt of love for others. Paul then seems to go through the Ten Commandments and we hear an echo of Jesus' words (Matthew 22:36-40) "love your neighbors". That's tough, right?! I mean, we can do church, we can do religion, we can do God- but now you want me to love people?!

"The time is right" ("We live in an important time..." in my translation) (v 11) points to the idea that Jesus would be returning soon and we should be ready for that through expressions of love and respect for all people. Be awake, don't be sleeping- because if you're sleeping- yo may miss it! When we are awake we hear better, we see better. Cast off the darkness (night= evil) (v 12). Paul talks about putting on or using the weapons used for fighting in the light- reminiscent of the armor of God (Ephesians 6:1-18)...the tools we use to fight and resist evil. We must cast off the rags of sin before we can put on the robe of Christ. We must get rid of the bad and wicked things in our life (vv 13- 14) (night) before we can really say that we are true Christians (light). 

Some really good words from Paul. I try to imagine what the world would be like of we were able to live the way Paul (and Christ) suggests that we live. Wouldn't the world be a different place? It is a challenge to do what Paul suggests, but try we must!

Great way to end the week!

I hope you all enjoy the weekend and enjoy today's reading! The next chapter talks about unity and respect and then Paul chats some about his life and works. Almost done with Romans and then it is on to 1 and 2 Thessalonians- two short epistles from Paul, probably written in Corinth to address some specific problems in the church. Theologians think these may have been Paul's first letters written (that we have evidence of) so dated around 45-50 AD.

See you all back Monday!

Shalom+
Pastor Paul